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Rebellion and disorder under the Tudors 1485-1603 > BS2 REDUCED > Flashcards

BS2 REDUCED Flashcards

1
Q

Why was the North a difficult region to control

A
  • geographically isolated causing poor communication
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2
Q

H8 attempt at increasing control in the North

A

using his illegitimate son Henry Fitzroy in 1525

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3
Q

Northern families not always keeping the peace

A

1525- Lord Dacre fined £1,000 for his tolerance to disorder

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4
Q

When was the Council re-organised

A

1537 after PoG

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5
Q

How was the Council of the North re-organised

A
  • became voice of the people in London and permanent HQ in York established
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6
Q

Where was the authority of the council of the north extended to

A

Durham, Cumberland and Westmorland

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7
Q

where was President of the Council of the North from

A

From Midlands or the South- allowed impartiality

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8
Q

Changes having to be made to council of the North

A

1569 Revolt of the Northern Earls- imposition of Protestants created resentment

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9
Q

Changes in 1572 to Council of the North

A

Henry Hastings made president of the North
- traditional power of noble families such as Dacres, Percies and Nevilles eroded

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10
Q

What was Wales considered

A
  • Area of lawlessness and social disorder
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11
Q

Wales prior to 1535

A
  • Operated under separate law system
  • trad. blood fued existing
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12
Q

What did the 1535 Act of Union do

A
  • Abolished principality of Wales and marcher lordships with 12 English Style counties
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13
Q

What was the english style of government

A

use of sherrife, coroners and JPs to ensure local order

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14
Q

1542 Wales Act cementing this control

A
  • Replaced law with an English system
  • Council of the Marches re-organised into the Council of Wales 1542
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15
Q

Council of Wales 1542

A
  • more formal body
  • president and vice-president appointed by monarch
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16
Q

Yeomen leading rebellions, formulating demands and acting as spokesmen

A
  • 1497 Cornish Rising
    -1549 Kett’s rebellion
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17
Q

What led to increased literacy

A

humanist ideas

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18
Q

Oxford

A

1,150- 1550
2,000- at the end

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19
Q

male illiteracy

A

80%- 1550
72%- 1600

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20
Q

yeomen no longer left out of local govt (3)

A
  • prosperous and literate administered poor laws
  • part of the legal system, less likely to take part in rebellion
  • Oxfordshire Riot 1596, did not include yeomen
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21
Q

taxes prior to 1513

A
  • via medieval method based on ‘fifteenths and tenths’, based on property known as moveables
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22
Q

medieval method causing discontent (2)

A
  • possible for those with wealth and power to avoid paying their share
  • urban communities paying more than those in countrysides
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23
Q

tax based revolts

A

Yorkshire 1489
Cornwall 1497

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24
Q

1513 Subsidy social tension

A

REDUCED- wealthiest in society contributed more to taxation

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25
Q

1513 subsidy SUCCESS

A

repeated in 1514, 15, 23
- raised £320,000

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26
Q

1513 subsidy limited

A
  • by the end of E1 reign only generated £80,000
  • increasingly corrupt after 1563
  • contributed to political tensions of 1593
27
Q

1563 social issues (3)

A
  • bad harvests 1554-56
  • outbreak of influenza 1555 and 1559
  • LEDTO social and economic crises, caused pressure on central and local authorities to control vagrancy and pot. social disorder
28
Q

1563 Statute of artificers (3)

A
  • required wages to be set and assessed by JPs annually
  • hours of work being fixed
  • everyone between ages 12-60 required to work on the lands to ensure adequate food supplies
29
Q

1563 Statute of artificers success (2)

A
  • lasted for the rest of the period
  • government emphasised food production as an essential job
30
Q

Statute of Artificers 1563 limitation (2)

A
  • Further acts to control poverty were needed
  • Vagrancy began to increase in 1580s and 1590s
31
Q

1590s social instability

A
  • riots in Oxfordshire 1596
  • 1596 food riots in London, South East and South West
32
Q

1598 Act for the relief of the Poor (3)

A
  • local administration of Poor Relief
  • post of “overseer of the poor” assessing the amount of Poor relief needed
  • Act later combined with the Act for the Relief of Soldiers and Mariners (provided pensions for wounded former soldiers)
33
Q

1598 Act Long Lasting

A
  • lasted till 1834
34
Q

JPs role in 1598 Act

A

supervised the ‘overseer of the poor’

35
Q

Why did monarchs allow for increased borough representation

A
  • kept nobility and gentry happy
  • allowed for the manipulation in elctions
36
Q

Edward 6 new MPS

A

34 new MPs

37
Q

M1 new MPs

A

25 new Mps

38
Q

E1 new MPs

A

62- including rotten boroughs of Dunwich and Andover

39
Q

Crown creating new boroughs, so that it could place its own candidates

A

Christopher Hatton elected as MP for Higham Ferrers in 1571

40
Q

Creation of new Boroughs limitations

A
  • Increased number of MPs, harder to control parliamentary debates
  • M1 facing revolt by MPs in 1555
41
Q

H7 effectively using patronage to secure his position on the throne

A

made Jasper Tudor Duke of Bedford and entrusted him with control of Wales and the Marches in 1490

42
Q

Henry Viii using patronage to extend royal control

A
  • granted Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk estates in Lincolnshire in 1536, to reassert royal power in the region after PoG
43
Q

Patronage misused, relying on a strong, active monarch

A

Court faction led by Edward Seymore, Earl of Hertford, manipulating H8’s will to gain control over Edward Vi, making a member of the nobility too powerful

44
Q

Patrinage causing factions and political tensions

A
  • Rival factions led by Robert Cecil and Earl of Essex
45
Q

Patronage causing rival factions

A

Rivalry between Robert Cecil and Earl of Essex

46
Q

What did Earl of Essex do?

A

1601- Earl of Essex and 140 supporters planned to use an armed force to surround and capture the Queen, ultimately failed

47
Q

What did Royal progresses allow

A
  • allowed monarchs to increase their visibility, reminding their subjects of their military and legal power
48
Q

Henry 7 progresses to secure his position on the throne

A
  • went on a progress of the Midlands and the North a year after the Battle of Bosworth, as well as in 1487 and 1497, when he faced challenges
  • sustain direct contact with the localities
49
Q

H8 Progresses to increase support and minimise challenges

A
  • Travelled to the North in 1541, reports of further political unrest
50
Q

Nature of Elizabeth’s progresses

A
  • Went on progresses annually, venturing to the farthest regions of the country such as Yorkshire and Cornwall
51
Q

Why did Elizabeth go on progresses

A
  • Enhanced her authority and improved her relations with the men she trusted to run local government on her behalf
52
Q

What were Lord lieutenants responsible for

A
  • recruiting and training troops for defense of the kingdom
53
Q

Why did the post of Lord lieutenant emerge

A

Result of the threat of foreign powers and rebellions

54
Q

Lord lieutenants under H8

A

Temporary post to deal with wars in Scotland, France and the PoG in 1536

55
Q

Lord lieutenants under E6

A

used in response to Kett and Western rebellions in 1549

56
Q

Lord lieutenants recruited from (3)

A
  • majority recruited from the nobility,
  • answered directly to the monarch,
  • raising troops for a national army, not their private armies as they had done under H7
57
Q

Mary 1 Lord lieutenants

A

attempted to make to the post of Lord Lieutenants a permanent post, dividing the kingdom into 10 lieutenancies who dealt with military matters in their designated regions

58
Q

Lord lieutenants 1559

A

the post lapsed as the War with France ended

59
Q

Lord lieutenants under E1

A

Post became permanent as a result of the war with Spain (1585-1604)

60
Q

Lord lieutenants effectiveness under E1

A
  • Harnessed the power of the nobility
  • members of the privy council often being Lord lieutenants
61
Q

How did Lord lieutenants enhance monarch’s ability to control more directly (2)

A
  • Lord lieutenants gathered information about local conditions
  • meant that the system of recruitment and military organisation was more efficient
62
Q

Lord lieutenants limitations

A
  • not an innovation, still relied on the nobility to carry out their traditional military role
  • not permanent throughout the period, only emerging as a result of rebellion or war abroad
63
Q

Number of JPs on county benches increasing

A

H8; 25–> 30
E1; 40—–>90

Rebellion and disorder under the Tudors 1485-1603 (10 decks)

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