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Rebellion and disorder under the Tudors 1485-1603 > Breadth Study 2: Gaining the co-operation of the localities > Flashcards

Breadth Study 2: Gaining the co-operation of the localities Flashcards

1
Q

What were Royal Progresses

A

Journeys made by the ruler and their court to regions of England beyond London

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2
Q

Why did monarchs go on Royal progresses (4)

A

-Increase their visibility
-Make/ sustain direct contact with localities
-show off the power, wealth and prestige of the court
-Remind their subjects of their military and legal power

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3
Q

When did H7 go on progresses (3)

A

-First year after Bosworth (Midlands and the North)

-when faced challenges in 1487 and 1497

-Encouraged obedience and loyalty

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4
Q

When did H8 go on progresses

A

-Every summer
1541- travelled to the North due to reports of further political unrest

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5
Q

When H8 travelled who came with

A

Court came too, included up to 1000 people

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6
Q

Why did e1 do progresses

A

-Used them to save money- staying in the houses of leading nobility and gentry who would pay for the privilege

-enhanced authority and improved her relationship with the men who she trusted to run local government on her behalf

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7
Q

Where did E1 go on progresses

A

-Nearly every summer
-Ventured into farthest regions in the country- Yorkshire and Cornwall

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8
Q

At the succession of H7 what were the hardest regions to control

A

areas that had borders with Scotland and Wales- the marcher regions

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9
Q

What had the marcher regions developed

A

Own laws and customs because they were the first line of defence against invasion

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10
Q

The nobility in the marcher regions

A

Gained enormous military and legal power, were almost quasi-kings in their dominance

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11
Q

Power of the nobility in the marcher regions during the Tudors

A

their traditional powers were eroded as royal control was extended more directly in these regions

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12
Q

What change had happened even before H7

A

Wales had been conquered by England
no longer a threat of hostile Welsh invasion

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13
Q

How had the government of Wales and the marcher regions remained out-of-step with England

A

-Although the Crown controlled the Principality of Wales
-Before the 1530s, Wales had its own legal system, which still depended on local marcher lords’ power and control

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14
Q

Why was gaining control of Wales and the Marcher regions vital for Tudor monarchs

A

Possible for powerful members of the nobility to use these militarised regions to build up their own power base and challenge the monarchy

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15
Q

Example of nobleman using Wales to build up his power base

A

Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham
-had a claim to the throne
-executed for treason in 1521

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16
Q

who introduced the Council of Wales and the Marches

A

Edward iv in the 1470s

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17
Q

Royal control in the Council of Wales and the Marches during H7 (3)

A

1490- Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford (H7’s uncle) became head of the council
1501- Prince Arthur was sent (but died in 1502)
1525-28- Princess Mary sent as a figurehead

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18
Q

Why was controlling the North challenging (3)

A

-Geographically remote
-poor communication
-under threat of invasion from Scotland

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19
Q

What was the border of Scotland divided into (3)

A

Western, Middle and Eastern Marchers
-controlled by wardens who were responsible for defence and keeping order

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20
Q

Why did H7 have additional problems from the North

A

-positions as usurper made him particularly vulnerable to threats of invasion form his rivals (who could base themselves in Scotland)
-Regions in the North loyal to Richard III
-North suffered form economic hardship

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21
Q

The North tax revolt

A

1489 tax revolt in Yorkshire
led to the murder of Henry Percy, the Earl of Northumberland (in charge of money collection in the region)

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22
Q

What did H7 use the 1489 tax revolt to create

A

Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey as Lieutenant of the North
-remained in this post until 1499 (when power reverted to the traditional nobility as wardens of the Marches)

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23
Q

Under H8 key noble families in charge of the North (4)

A
  • the Dacres
  • the Cliffords
  • Percy earls of Nothumberland
  • Neville earls of Westmorland
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24
Q

Northern families could not always be relied to keep the peace example

A

1525- Lord Dacre was fined £1,000 for his tolerance to disorder in the North

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25
Q

Attempt to revive the Council of the North

A

1525- Henry Fitzroy (6 yo) was made president of the council

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26
Q

In response to lawlessness in Wales what did Cromwell do?

A

1534- began a process that was to lead to permanent changes in the region

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27
Q

Who did Cromwell appoint to the council of Wales

A

1534- began by appointing Rowland Lee to act as the Local President of the Council of Wales
-giving sweeping powers to tackle crime and disorder in the region

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28
Q

Law in the Wales Act 1535

A

Also known as the Act of Union
-transformed the structure of the Welsh government

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29
Q

What did the Law in Wales Act 1535 do? (4)

A
  • Principality of Wales/ marcher lordships abolished, REPLACED by 12 English-style counties
  • English style of local government introduced
  • Banned the use of Welsh in the courts
  • Each Welsh county and county town was allocated 2 MPs
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30
Q

What was the English style of local government that was introduced in the 1535 Act

A

Included sheriffs, coroners and Justices of the Peace

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31
Q

What was the result of the Law in Wales Act (1535) (3)

A
  • Ended the traditional power of the marcher lords
  • Wales remained under the control of the Crown
  • Law and order improved and the region became less of a threat to political instability
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32
Q

What did the Law in Wales Act (1542) do? (2)

A
  • English laws introduced in Wales
  • Council of the Marches was reorganised and called the Council of Wales
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33
Q

What was ended when English law was introduced in Wales in 1542

A

-End to the traditional Welsh system
-ended the use of blood fueds

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34
Q

New English law courts (1542)

A

-Called ‘Courts of Great Sessions’

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35
Q

What was the Council of Wales (1542) (2)

A
  • More formal body, with a president and a vice president appointed by the monarch
  • Could hear legal cases and oversee law and order in Wales
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36
Q

What had changed by Elizabeth’s reign

A

Council included Lord Lieutenants
-little trouble from this region during the Tudor period, reforms extended very SUCCESSFULLY

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37
Q

When was the Council of the North remodelled and why

A

1537- After the PoG to strengthen its powers and prevent future outbreaks and unrest
-Gave it wide powers to hear and decide cases of treason, murder and felony

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38
Q

What did the Council of the North become after 1537

A

-Voice of the government in London
-Responsible for passing on and enforcing Royal proclamations + orders made to sheriffs and JPs
-oversaw food supplies, regulated trade, organised local musters for military campaigns
-heard private cases between individuals

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39
Q

How was the authority of the Council of the North extended

A

-Governed Durham, Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland, as well as Yorkshire
-Given permanent headquarters in York in 1539
-Having a president (a bishop or noble) from the South or Midlands, with no vested interest, so that decisions can be made impartially

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40
Q

Presidents of the Council of the North

A

1538-40 Robert Holgate, bishop of Llandaff
-meant that the presidents had no vested interests
BUT the rest of the council was from the region
e.g Sir Thomas Gargrave, lawyer from Wakefield councillor from 1545 to 1547

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41
Q

What did the Council of the North develop into (3)

A

a body which could oversee the
-administration of the North
-control border raids
-manage local order

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42
Q

What did the Council of the North signall

A

the longer term decline in the power of the traditional Northern Lords
-The Dacres, the Percys and the Neviles could no longer rule as they pleased

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43
Q

Changes to the Council made by Elizabeth

A

-decision to insert more southerners (caused resentment+ rebellion, shows E1 not in complete control)
-Council became responsible for battling recusancy
-Council was reconstructed in 1572

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44
Q

In 1572 who was made president of the council in the North

A

Puritan- Henry Hastings, Earl of Huntingdon
-North much more stable, power of traditional families eroded
-power of the monarchy enhanced through the council

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45
Q

in 1485 who were the nobility

A

traditional military leaders, whose power was based in their estates

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46
Q

By Elizabeth’s reign what type of nobility emerged

A

New type- based on their ability to gain access to the monarch and the supply of grants of lands, offices and titles
-New nobility were courtiers (although many still retained their role of military leader)

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47
Q

H7 general attitude to the nobility

A

-Distrust, reluctant to give out many rewards and preferred to use a small group of trusted gentry and lawyers to control the localities

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48
Q

who did H7 trust in the nobility

A

-Trusted his uncle, Jasper Tudor
-Control Wales and the Marches on his behalf
-Was promoted from Earl of Pembroke to Duke of Bedford

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49
Q

Example of H7 rewarding trusted administrators

A

Rewarded Sir Reginal Bray- used their positions within central government to build up land, power and influence

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50
Q

What was Sir Reginal Bray positions and what was he able to acquire

A

Royal councillor and the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
-able to acquire lands in 18 counties bringing him £1000/ annum
-able to use his local lands to extend royal influence

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51
Q

Example of Henry’s distrustful attitude

A

Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey- fought against Henry at Bosworth ALTHOUGH did not take part in 1487 rebellion
-despite this Henry was not prepared to restore Surrey’s full lands and titles to him

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52
Q

How was H8’s relationship with the nobility different from H7’s

A

-H7 distrustful vs H8 saw his nobility as companions
-H7 careful with money vs H8 was generous with his grants

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53
Q

H8’s Chamber becoming increasingly politicised

A

-Men serving the king had an unrivalled opportunity to influence the king informally
-influence included suggestions about where the king’s patronage should ne deployed

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54
Q

Example of men in the Chamber benefitting from H8 (2)

A

-Sir William Compton, Gentlemen of the Chamber and Groom of the Stool; able to raise his income from £10 a year to £1,700 by acquiring grants of royal lands and offices
-Charles Brandon became Duke of Suffolk and granted extensive estates in East Anglia

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55
Q

H8 using good relationship to extend royal control

A

-Used good relationship with Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk to extend royal control in the localities
1536- he was granted estates in Lincolnshire because of the PoG, to reassert royal power into the region

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56
Q

How did the role of the nobility begin to change under H8

A

-Power and influence dictated by the ability to gain access to Henry (or chief ministers, Wolsey or Cromwell)
-led to the development of men who owed their positions to their influence at Court rather than because of their landed estates

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57
Q

Example of Professional administrators becoming increasingly influential because of their access to royal patronage (2)

A

William Paget and Thomas Wriothesley
-rose to the top because of their legal expertise and both were enobled
-basis of their power was their personal relationship with Henry

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58
Q

Power of the traditional nobility being undermined

A

Royal attacks on those whom Henry distrusted
e.g Duck of Buckingham executed for treason in 1521

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59
Q

dissolution of monasteries effect on nobility and crown income

A

Nobility share of income from land rose 8% to 9%
Crown- 9% to 27%

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60
Q

How did the sale of the monastic lands help to strengthen royal position

A

-Used to create a group of gentry and nobility who had a vested interest in supporting the royal supremacy and the break with Rome because they had benefited from it

61
Q

Example of person benefitting from the sale of monastic lands

A

Sir John Russell- 1530s was granted a series of offices in the South West, and in 1538 became Baron Russell
-Tudors had a trusted member of the nobility who owed his advancement to royal patronage

62
Q

disadvantages of Tudor system of patronage

A

Relied on the presence of a strong, active and decisive monarch, who promoted men who were reliable and loyal
-If not, could be manipulated by ambitious courtiers, who would seek to advance themselves for their own needs

63
Q

Example of patronage being badly handled (3)

A

Faction led by Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford was able to manipulated H8’s will in Seymour’s favour
-was able to use patronage to reward his supporters, e.g. John Dudley made into the Earl of Warwick
-had control of the young king, patronage made a member of the nobility who was too powerful

64
Q

How was patronage actually effective (Edward Seymoure)

A

Despite John Dudley’s position as Lord Protector, he was unable to overturn the royal succession
-patronage weakened the traditional military power of the nobility, e.g. neither Seymour nor Dudley was able to raise an army in support of their ambitionsq

65
Q

Example of men during Elizabeth I having multiple positions at the same time (2)

A

-William Cecil was a JP for Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire
-Earl of Bedford was JP for Devon and Cornwall

66
Q

Role of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester during E1

A

Master of the Horse, Part of the Royal Household, in 1562 became a Privy councillor

67
Q

E1 using patronage to extend control in the localities

A

Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester- Received generous grants such as Kenilworth Castle and Denbigh in Wales. Also given control in the region around Chester
+also the Russell family

68
Q

Elizabeth appointing southerners to the North (3)

A

-Henry Carey, Lord Hunsdon put in charge of the key fortress in Berwick
-Francis Russell, Earl of Bedford was named Warden of East March
-Puritan Earl of Huntingdon appointed head of the Council of the North

69
Q

Why had Elizabeth’s system of patronage began to break down in the 1590s

A

-began to lose control of government
-many of her trusted councillors had died

70
Q

Who replaced William Cecil and Robert Dudley

A

Robert Cecil and Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex- created rivalry over the control of patronage

71
Q

What shows that patronage, when mismanaged

A

1596- Robert Cecil became the Queen’s Secretary and Earl of Essex resentful
-1601, Essex and 140 supporters planned to use an armed force to surround and capture the queen but ultimately failed
-shows the political instability that could be caused by patronage

72
Q

H7 began the extension of royal power of JPs

A
  • Position of usurper
  • Appointed Sir Thomas Lovell in Yorkshire and Sussex (member of his court)
  • 1495 Act of Parliament extended their power to act on info received by suspects
73
Q

Number of boroughs during the period

A

From 70 to 191

74
Q

Number of MPs during the period

A

296 to 462

75
Q

Why was there an increase in MPs during H8

A

1535 Law in Wales Act created new MPs

76
Q

Increase in MPs during Edward

A

1547-1553: 34 new MPs

77
Q

Increase in MPs during Mary

A

1553-1558: 25 new MPs

78
Q

Increase in MPs during E1

A

1558-84: 62 new MPs

79
Q

Example of the size of boroughs varying

A

London- 200,000 inhabitants
Exeter- 10,000 inhabitants

80
Q

Example of rotten boroughs

A
  • Dunwich
  • Andover
81
Q

Why did Townsmen pressure for the creation of new boroughs

A
  • Parliament place for townsmen, wherein they could ensure the interests of their community could be promoted, through use of petitions and creation of new laws
82
Q

Example of Townsmen concerns

A
  • Town council of York was keen to ensure that laws were passed which prevented woodland areas being chopped down within 25km of the city
83
Q

Who were most MPs

A

Tended to be members of the landed gentry
- During Reformation Parliament (1529-36) half of the borough MPs were gentry

84
Q

By 1601 how many MPs were townsmen

A

Estimated 14%

85
Q

During the reformation parliament, how much would it cost to fund an MP

A

£70 for one MP

86
Q

Why did smaller boroughs allow the gentry to be their MPs

A
  • Small and poorer boroughs looked to wealthy member of the gentry to cover the costs of funding an MP
  • in return allowing them to sit as an MP
87
Q

Monarchy controlling parliament through nobility

A

Nobility used their landed power to control elections to boroughs and localities
- e.g H8 DoN able to ensure his clients were elected in Castle Rising, Reigate

88
Q

Robert Dudley ensuring his clients getting elected

A

1584- boroughs of Poole, Tamworth, Denbigh

89
Q

Creation of new borough to extend royal control

A
  • Newton on the Isle of Wight
  • Created in 1584 due to pressure from Sir George Carey
  • Elizabeth’s cousin
90
Q

Places where new boroughs created in the Tudor period

A
  • DONE so that the Crown can place its own candidates to parliament, e.g Sir Christopher Hatton, elected as MP for Higham Ferrers in 1571
91
Q

Example of E1 Privy Council pressuring to elect an MP

A

Borough of Gatton

92
Q

What led to the foundation of grammar schools

A

Growth of humanist ideas, which emphasised the role of education for all
- greater access for education to the yeomen class

93
Q

People going to university expanding

A

At Oxford student number increased from 1,150 in 1550 to 2,000 at the end of the period

94
Q

Illiteracy rates in 1550

A

Men- 80%

95
Q

Illiteracy rates in 1600

A

Men- 72%

96
Q

Where were illiteracy rates higher

A

1530- illiteracy rates higher in in the North of England than the Midlands, East and South

97
Q

Rebellions that were led by yeomen, who often formulated rebel demands and acted as spokespersons

A
  • Cornish Rising 1497
  • 1549 Kett’s rebellion
98
Q

As literacy rates increased, how did the role of yeomen change

A
  • Instead of being left out of local government, yeomen were now included in it
99
Q

What opened up new opportunities for yeomen to take part in local government

A

Extension of government into localities through parliament and statute law

100
Q

What were prosperous and literate yeomen taking roles in

A

Administration of poor laws and voting in elections

101
Q

How did increasing literacy of yeomen allow more royal control

A
  • As they became part of the legal system, more likely to defend it rather than attack it
  • More likely to use the legal system to resolve disputes
  • men of yeomen rank less likely to take part in rebellion
102
Q

Evidence that yeomen took less part in rebellion after literacy rates increased

A
  • After 1569 no more serious rebellions
  • Even when there was economic crisis in 1590s, no popular rising
  • Riots in Oxfordshire in 1569, led by the poorest in society, yeomen were now part of the Elizabethan system of government
103
Q

2 Main sources of royal income

A
  • Ordinary- came from the royal lands
  • Extraordinary- taxation granted by parliament for the monarch’s special needs
104
Q

Example of monarch’s extravagant expenditure

A

H8 spent over £100,000 on building Hampton Court in Whitehall, while Royal Household income in 1550 was £75,000 a year

105
Q

Revolts sparked by high taxes

A

Revolts of 1489 and 1497 under H7
- PoG 1536, also against the background of demands for tax and poverty

106
Q

Tax system before 1513

A

Medieval method of raising taxes based on ‘fifteenths and tenths’, based on property known as ‘moveables’

107
Q

How much were boroughs expected to pay

A

1/10

108
Q

How much was the country side expected to pay

A

1/15

109
Q

Why was the medieval tax system out of date

A
  • took no account of population or other social changes
  • because of inflation amounts now received by the Crown did not cover expenditure needs
110
Q

How was the medieval system of tax a potential source of discontent

A
  • Due to each community paying a fixed sum, possible for those wealth and power to avoid paying their share
  • urban communities had to pay more tax than those based in the countryside
111
Q

H7 continuing to use the traditional fifteenth and tenth

A

1487, 1489, 1491 and 1497

112
Q

What changed to taxation in 1497 (2)

A
  • asked for 2/10ths and 2/15ths
  • Parliament agreed to a new tax based on each individual’s wealth, known as direct assessment
113
Q

Direct assessment success

A
  • Repeated in 1504
  • new taxes raised an additional £80,000
  • paved the way for Wolsey
114
Q

How much did the government spend 1509- 1520

A

spent £1 million, but only received about £25,000 from its ordinary revenue

115
Q

What was Wolsey’s subsidy in 1513 (4)

A
  • Not reliant on traditional fixed sums of money, subsidy was flexible. Reliant on individual’s income
  • assessed everyone’s ability to pay based on their wealth
  • Separate assessment for the nobility, higher the rank, the more they had to pay
  • Local officials appointed to assess people’s wealth
116
Q

Why did the 1513 subsidy reduce tension

A

Ensured the wealthiest in society contributed more to taxation

117
Q

Evidence that the 1513 subsidy was succesful

A
  • Repeated in 1514, 1515 and in 1523
  • Raised £320,000 through new subsidy
118
Q

What unprecedented thing happened in 1534

A

Cromwell asked parliament for a subsidy during peacetime

119
Q

Further requests for subsidies during peace times

A

1540, 1543, 1553, 1555

120
Q

Evidence that suggests that the subsidy’s effectiveness in raising royal income was not sustained

A

At the start of E1’s reign was generating £140,000
- by the end generated £80,000
- the Crown faced resistance form parliament and taxpayers

121
Q

Problems Wolsey had in raising the subsidy

A
  • As demands for war increased, and had little gains- parliament became more reluctant to grant amounts
  • 1523 parliament refused to grant £800,000 in taxation
122
Q

What did Wolsey do in 1525

A
  • forced to raise a non-parliamentary tax known as the ‘Amicable Grant’
  • provoked mass resistance in Eat Anglia, 10,000 men gathered to protest
123
Q

Under E1 problems that occurred under the subsidy

A
  • assessment of the subsidy was allowed to stagnate
  • allowed rates to become fixed, did not take inflation into account
  • system became increasingly corrupt: after 1563, each taxpayer’s assessment of their wealth was accepted as accurate (most taxpayers claimed to have less income)
  • contributed to the political tensions of 1590s
124
Q

Main cause of poverty in Tudor England

A
  • population growth
  • 1525- 2.2 million
  • 1601- 4.1 million
125
Q

Result of population growth

A
  • Rising prices and falling wages
  • lead to price inflation
126
Q

What exacerbated the spread of poverty

A
  • dissolution of the monasteries, traditional source of support and alms for the poor
127
Q

Bad weather leading to crop failure

A

1527-29, 1549-51, 1554-56

128
Q

What did the 1495 Vagabond’s and Beggars Act do?

A
  • Beggars and idle poor put in stocks for 3 days, whipped and returned to original parish
129
Q

What did the 1532 Poor Law do

A
  • Ordered vagrants to be whipped
  • impotent poor to be licensed by JPs and allowed to beg
130
Q

1556 Cromwell’s radical Act

A

Local officials ordered to find work for beggars and to organise collections for impotent poor

131
Q

1547 Vagrancy Act (2)

A
  • Vagrant defined as able-bodied, without master or employment for 3 days
  • Branded with ‘V’ on chest, forced to work as a slave for 2 years for the person who’d informed against them
132
Q

problems with 1547 Vagrancy Act

A
  • So harsh that local authorities couldn’t enforce so was repealed in 1550
133
Q

1548-9 Laws (economic legislation)

A
  • Laws passed against price and wage fixing
134
Q

1552 Poor Law

A
  • Required impotent poor to be registered
  • Parish priests and bishops to put pressure on wealthy to make voluntary contributions
135
Q

1554 Act (economic legislation)

A

Forbade export of corn when prices were above a certain level

136
Q

What led to the Statute of Artificers 1563

A
  • Poor weather led to bad harvests 1554-56
  • Exacerbated by outbreak of influenza 1555 and 1559
  • lack of available food led to higher prices
  • social and economic crises led to pressure on central and local authorities to control vagrancy and potential social disorder
137
Q

Main terms of Statute of Artificers 1563 (6)

A
  • Wages set and assessed by JPs annually
  • All unmarried people under 30 compelled to work and to accept any job offered to them
  • harvest time, JPs could force those able to bring in the crops
  • Everyone between 12 and 60 required to work on the lands
  • Hours of work were fixed
  • Apprenticeships were set at 7 years and compulsory for skilled occupation
138
Q

Successes of Statute of Artificers 1563 (6)

A
  • Lasted for the rest of the period
  • Placed even more importance on JPs
  • Enhanced importance of local apprenticeships
  • Emphasis on the need for everyone to have a master
  • emphasis on the importance of food production as an essential job
    -Gov. responded to concerns about social order from those who represented the localities
139
Q

Weakness of Statue of Artificers 1563 (3)

A
  • Backward-looking in its aims (wage caps had already been set)
  • Further Acts needed to deal with poverty and vagabondage
  • Problems with enforcement *
  • Vagrancy still increased in 1580s and 1590s
140
Q

What were the problems with the enforcement of the Statute of Artificers

A
  • determination of JPs to hold down wages, meant that local wages did not change for years at a time
    e.g Assessed wages in Kent did not change from 1563-1588
141
Q

What did the 1572 Poor Law recognise for the first time

A
  • government recognised there wasn’t enough work available for the able-bodied poor
142
Q

What did the 1563 Act for the Relief of the Poor do? (3)

A
  • Moved towards making payments to poor relief in the parish almost compulsory
  • Special collectors of alms appointed to collect contributions
  • Refusal to contribute could lead to imprisonment
143
Q

What did the 1572 Poor Law do? (3)

A
  • Punishments for unlicensed beggars remained severe, including boring a hole through the right ear
  • Also became harder to get a licence, had to be signed by 2 JPs
  • encouraged parishes with extra poor relief funds to build ‘house of correction’ for vagrants and beggars
144
Q

Why was the Act for the Relief of the Poor passed in 1598 (5)

A
  • Cold weather caused a series of crop failures that led to famine
  • Wages continued to fall, as prices continued to rise
  • Prices of staple foods such as wheat began to rise to levels unaffordable to the poor
  • outbreak of plague
  • 1596 food riots*
  • Oxfordshire had an attempted rising in 1596
145
Q

Where were there food riots in 1596

A
  • London, the South East and the South West
146
Q

What did the 1598 Act for the Relief of the Poor do? (3)

A
  • enhanced the local administration of Poor Relief
  • Introduced post of overseer of the poor, who assessed how much poor relief was needed
  • Unpaid overseer to be supervised by the JPs, given additional powers to raise compulsory contributions to local poor relief
147
Q

What was the 1598 Act for the Relief of the Poor combined with

A
  • Other laws passed at the same time, strengthened the government’s response to poverty
  • 1598 Vagabonds Act, ordered most dangerous vagrants to be banished
  • Act for the Relief of Soldiers and Mariners, provided pensions for wounded former soldiers
  • Also Acts which provided for the building of hospitals for those who were ill
148
Q

Significance of 1598 Act for the Relief of the Poor

A
  • slightly revised by a second Act in 1601 and lasted till 1834
  • Built on 50 years of experimentation, no a national system for the Relief for the poor
  • first Act to make contributions to poor relief fully compulsory
  • first time all local provisions had been brought into line by the national government

Rebellion and disorder under the Tudors 1485-1603 (10 decks)

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