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Science for Paramedics > The respitory system > Flashcards

The respitory system Flashcards

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1
Q

How does hypercapnia cause damage?

A

It can cause hypercapnic acidosis (or respiratory acidosis) interfering with the bloods ability to carry oxygen, it can cause kidney stones, kidney failure, bone disease and delayed growth

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2
Q

What is pulmonary respiration?

A

Breathing, exchange of air between the atmosphere and lungs

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3
Q

What is external respiration?

A

Exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood

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4
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

The exchange of gases between the blood and the cells

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5
Q

Which bronchus is straighter and longer

A

The right

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6
Q

Name the components of the respiratory system from the oral and nasal cavities to the alveoli

A

Oral and nasal cavities
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Primary bronchus
Segmental bronchus
Bronchiole
Terminal bronchiole
Respiratory bronchiole
Alveolar duct
Alveolus

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7
Q

What is the function of the nose?

A

Warming, filtering and moistening air. Smell. Modifying speech vibrations

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the conchae?

A

Warming, filtering and cleaning air. An increased surface area aids this. Water droplets are trapped and exhaled.

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9
Q

What is the structure and function of the nasal mucous membrane?

A

Contains blood capillaries cilia and goblet cells. Air is warmed by capillaries and moistened by mucous which also traps foreign particles. Cilia push mucus and foreign particles towards the pharynx where they can be swallowed or spat out.

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10
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal (centre of brow)
Ethmoid (medial to ethmoid bone)
Maxillary (posterior to maxilla)
Sphenoid (posterior superior of nasal cavity)

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11
Q

At what level does the trachea branch into the left and right bronchus?

A

Level with the 5th thoracic vertebrae

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12
Q

What is component A?

A

Epiglottis

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13
Q

What is component B?

A

Hyoid bone

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14
Q

What is component C?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

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15
Q

What is component D?

A

Corniculate cartilage

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16
Q

What is component E?

A

Thyroid cartilage

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17
Q

What is component F?

A

Arytenoid catilage

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18
Q

What is component G?

A

Cricothyroid ligament

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19
Q

What is component H?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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20
Q

What is component I?

A

Cricotracheal ligament

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21
Q

What is component J?

A

Thyroid gland

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22
Q

What is component K?

A

Tracheal cartilage

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23
Q

What is component A?

A

Nasal cavity

24
Q

What is component B?

A

Pharynx

25
Q

What is component C?

A

Larynx

26
Q

What is component D?

A

Trachea

27
Q

What is component E?

A

Primary bronchus

28
Q

What is component F?

A

Secondary bronchus

29
Q

What is component G?

A

Segmental bronchus

30
Q

What is component H?

A

Bronchiole

31
Q

What is component I?

A

Terminal bronchiole

32
Q

What is component J?

A

Respiratory bronchiole

33
Q

What is component K?

A

Alveolar duct

34
Q

What is component L?

A

Alveolus

35
Q

What is component M?

A

Alveolar sac

36
Q

What are the four types of tonsils and their locations?

A

Pharyngeal (rear of nasal cavity)
Tubal (side of rear of nasal cavity)
Palatine (by fauces)
Lingual (behind tongue)

37
Q

How many O2 molecules can each haemoglobin carry?

A

4

38
Q

What is TLC?

A

Total lung capacity

39
Q

What is average TLC?

A

6L

40
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The amount of air entering the body in each breath

41
Q

What is the average tidal volume?

A

500ml

42
Q

How much air remains in anatomical dead space during respiration?

A

On average 150ml

43
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume and it’s average value?

A

The additional air that can be inhaled beyond the tidal volume when taking the deepest possible breath. ≈ 2.5L

44
Q

What percentage of CO2 in the blood is disolved in plasma?

A

10%

45
Q

What percentage of CO2 in the blood is in the form of Carbamino-haemoglobin compounds?

A

30%

46
Q

What percentage of CO2 in the blood forms carbonic acid?

A

60%

47
Q

What is carbonic anhydrase?

A

An enzyme that helps form carbonic acid from CO2 and water

48
Q

What is carbonic acid changed into?

A

Hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions

49
Q

Where do bicarbonate ions move to when they’re formed?

A

The plasma

50
Q

What is normal blood pH?

A

7.35 - 7.45

51
Q

What is the normal blood CO2 level?

A

35-45 mmHg

52
Q

What is normal bicarbonate ion blood concentration?

A

22-26 mEq/L

53
Q

What are the three layers of the pleura?

A

Visceral pleura (covering each lung)
Pleural cavity
Parietal pleura (lining chest cavity)

54
Q

How many lobes does each lung have?

A

Left - 2 (Superior and inferior)
Right - 3 (Superior middle and inferior)

55
Q

How many fissures does each lung have?

A

Left - 1 (Oblique)
Right - 2 (Middle and oblique)

56
Q

What is the hilum?

A

The lung stem, point at which nerves and vessels serving the lungs enter the thoracic cavity

57
Q

What is minute volume?

A

Volume of air the is inhaled each minute (

MV = Tidal volume x RR

Science for Paramedics (18 decks)

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