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Biology 20 > The respiratory system > Flashcards

The respiratory system Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the nose/ nasal cavity?

A

Warms, Moistens, And filters air as it is inhaled

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2
Q

What is the function of the Pharynx?

A

Passageway for air, leads to trachea

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3
Q

What is also referred to as the throat?

A

The pharynx

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4
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A

The Voice box, Where vocal cords are located

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5
Q

What is the function of the trachea?

A

Keeps the wind pipe open, trachea is lined with fine hairs called cilia which filter air before it reaches the lungs

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6
Q

What is the function of the bronchi?

A

Two branches at the end of the trachea each lead to a lung

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7
Q

What is the function of the bronchioles?

A

A network of smaller branches leading from the bronchi into the lung tissue and ultimately to air sacs

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8
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

Carry out respiration, bring oxygen to each cell in the body and remove carbon dioxide

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9
Q

What is the function of Ciliated cells?

A

Capture foreign particles and sweep them into pharynx to be swallowed, sneezed or coughed.

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10
Q

The upper respiratory tract consists of?

A

Nasal passage, Pharynx, Epiglottis, Glottis, Larynx, And trachea.

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11
Q

What is the Glottis?

A

Opening/slit to the trachea

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12
Q

What is another word for the trachea?

A

Wind pipe

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13
Q

The lower respiratory tract consists of?

A

The bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli, and diaphragm

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14
Q

The lungs are surrounded by thin double layered membranes called?

A

Plural membrane

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15
Q

Describe the Alveoli.

A

Has thin walls for diffusion, Is surrounded by a network of capillaries, lined with lubricating film that prevents them from collapsing and sticking together.

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16
Q

Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?

A

In the tiny air sacs in the lungs called Alveoli

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17
Q

What is respiration?

A

The process in which oxygen is brought to each cell and carbon dioxide is removed

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18
Q

Respiration consists of two separate processes what are they?

A

External respiration an internal respiration

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19
Q

What is the function of external respiration?

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood

20
Q

What is the function of internal respiration?

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between body’s cells and blood

21
Q

There are two processes involved in breathing what are they called?

A

Inspiration and expiration

22
Q

What is inspiration in breathing?

A

Moves air from external environment into lungs

23
Q

What is expiration in breathing?

A

Moves air from the lungs back to external environment

24
Q

What Are the main structures of breathing?

A

The diaphragm and the rib muscles

25
Q

Describe what happens on an inhalation of breathing.

A

External rib muscles and diaphragm contract,
rib cage expands and moves upward and outward,
floor of chest cavity (diaphragm) moves downward,
Air pressure in thoracic cavity increases

26
Q

Describe what happens on exhalation in breathing.

A

Diaphragm (upward) and rib muscles relax, volume of thoracic cavity reduced, volume of lungs decreases.

27
Q

What is a spirograph?

A

Represents the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs with each breath

28
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Volume of air inhaled and exhaled at rest

29
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

Additional air that can be taken into lungs beyond regular inhalation

30
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

Additional air that can be forced out of the lungs beyond regular exhalation

31
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

Total lung volume of gas that can be moved into her out of the lungs

32
Q

What is residual volume?

A

Amount of gas remaining in lungs and passageway after exhalation

33
Q

Describe the external respiration.

A

Diffusion of carbon dioxide from pulmonary capillaries into alveolar sacs and oxygen from alveolar sacs into pulmonary capillaries

34
Q

Blood moving away from the body tissues becomes oxygen what?

A

Becomes oxygen poor

35
Q

Describe internal respiration.

A

Diffusion of oxygen from systematic capillaries into tissues and carbon dioxide from tissue fluid into systematic capillaries

36
Q

The binding of oxygen to haemoglobin is affected by what?

A

Concentration of oxygen, PH, temperature

37
Q

Haemoglobin holds what percentage of carbon dioxide?

A

23%

38
Q

Plasma holes what percentage of carbon dioxide?

A

7%

39
Q

Carbonic acid/bicarbonate ion holds what percentage of carbon dioxide?

A

70%

40
Q

Breathing rate is controlled by…

A

The respiratory centre of the brain

41
Q

Where is the respiratory centre located in the brain?

A

Is located in the medulla, a portion of the brain just above the spinal cord

42
Q

How does the respiratory system work with the circulatory system?

A

Circulate blood and oxygen

43
Q

Inhalation is caused by…

A

The diaphragm moving down and the ribs moving out

44
Q

How does the diaphragm move during exhalation?

A

Relaxes and moves upwards

45
Q

Gaseous exchange

A

Oxygen is gained and carbon dioxide is lost

Biology 20 (8 decks)

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