The respiratory system Flashcards
What is the function of the nose/ nasal cavity?
Warms, Moistens, And filters air as it is inhaled
What is the function of the Pharynx?
Passageway for air, leads to trachea
What is also referred to as the throat?
The pharynx
What is the function of the larynx?
The Voice box, Where vocal cords are located
What is the function of the trachea?
Keeps the wind pipe open, trachea is lined with fine hairs called cilia which filter air before it reaches the lungs
What is the function of the bronchi?
Two branches at the end of the trachea each lead to a lung
What is the function of the bronchioles?
A network of smaller branches leading from the bronchi into the lung tissue and ultimately to air sacs
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Carry out respiration, bring oxygen to each cell in the body and remove carbon dioxide
What is the function of Ciliated cells?
Capture foreign particles and sweep them into pharynx to be swallowed, sneezed or coughed.
The upper respiratory tract consists of?
Nasal passage, Pharynx, Epiglottis, Glottis, Larynx, And trachea.
What is the Glottis?
Opening/slit to the trachea
What is another word for the trachea?
Wind pipe
The lower respiratory tract consists of?
The bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli, and diaphragm
The lungs are surrounded by thin double layered membranes called?
Plural membrane
Describe the Alveoli.
Has thin walls for diffusion, Is surrounded by a network of capillaries, lined with lubricating film that prevents them from collapsing and sticking together.
Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?
In the tiny air sacs in the lungs called Alveoli
What is respiration?
The process in which oxygen is brought to each cell and carbon dioxide is removed
Respiration consists of two separate processes what are they?
External respiration an internal respiration
What is the function of external respiration?
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood
What is the function of internal respiration?
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between body’s cells and blood
There are two processes involved in breathing what are they called?
Inspiration and expiration
What is inspiration in breathing?
Moves air from external environment into lungs
What is expiration in breathing?
Moves air from the lungs back to external environment
What Are the main structures of breathing?
The diaphragm and the rib muscles
Describe what happens on an inhalation of breathing.
External rib muscles and diaphragm contract,
rib cage expands and moves upward and outward,
floor of chest cavity (diaphragm) moves downward,
Air pressure in thoracic cavity increases
Describe what happens on exhalation in breathing.
Diaphragm (upward) and rib muscles relax, volume of thoracic cavity reduced, volume of lungs decreases.
What is a spirograph?
Represents the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs with each breath
What is tidal volume?
Volume of air inhaled and exhaled at rest
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
Additional air that can be taken into lungs beyond regular inhalation
What is expiratory reserve volume?
Additional air that can be forced out of the lungs beyond regular exhalation
What is vital capacity?
Total lung volume of gas that can be moved into her out of the lungs
What is residual volume?
Amount of gas remaining in lungs and passageway after exhalation
Describe the external respiration.
Diffusion of carbon dioxide from pulmonary capillaries into alveolar sacs and oxygen from alveolar sacs into pulmonary capillaries
Blood moving away from the body tissues becomes oxygen what?
Becomes oxygen poor
Describe internal respiration.
Diffusion of oxygen from systematic capillaries into tissues and carbon dioxide from tissue fluid into systematic capillaries
The binding of oxygen to haemoglobin is affected by what?
Concentration of oxygen, PH, temperature
Haemoglobin holds what percentage of carbon dioxide?
23%
Plasma holes what percentage of carbon dioxide?
7%
Carbonic acid/bicarbonate ion holds what percentage of carbon dioxide?
70%
Breathing rate is controlled by…
The respiratory centre of the brain
Where is the respiratory centre located in the brain?
Is located in the medulla, a portion of the brain just above the spinal cord
How does the respiratory system work with the circulatory system?
Circulate blood and oxygen
Inhalation is caused by…
The diaphragm moving down and the ribs moving out
How does the diaphragm move during exhalation?
Relaxes and moves upwards
Gaseous exchange
Oxygen is gained and carbon dioxide is lost
