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Biology 20 > The Excretory System > Flashcards

The Excretory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the functions of the excretory system?

A

Regular volume and composition of body fluids, remove wastes, Return substances to the body to be reused.

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2
Q

Describe the functions of the kidneys.

A

Illuminate wastes from blood, regulate water concentration of the body as well as blood pressure, helps to maintain a constant PH.

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3
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A

Located on Abdominal wall beneath the diaphragm and lungs

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4
Q

What is the renal vein in the kidney?

A

Veins that branch from the kidney to the inferior vena cava, carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.

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5
Q

What is the renal artery in the kidney?

A

Arteries that branch into the kidneys from the aorta, carry oxygenated blood from the heart.

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6
Q

What is the renal pelvis in the kidney?

A

Funnel like structure, receives urine from renal tissues

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7
Q

The renal pelvis of the kidney is divided into two parts what are they?

A

Outer renal cortex an inner renal medulla

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8
Q

What is the renal cortex Of the kidney?

A

Outer layer of connective tissue that surrounds the kidney

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9
Q

What is the renal medulla of the kidney?

A

Inner layer of kidney found beneath the cortex

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10
Q

What are the nephrons in the kidney?

A

Filter substances from blood and transform it into urine

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11
Q

Where are the nephrons located in the kidney?

A

Upper portion located in renal cortex of the kidney and the lower portion is located in the renal medulla of the kidney

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12
Q

What are the three regions of the nephron in the kidney?

A

A filter, a tube, and the duct

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13
Q

What is the function of the proximal tubule?

A

Joins the Bowmans capsule with the loop of Henle, sight of reabsorption from the nephron back into the blood.

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14
Q

What is the function of the distal tubule?

A

K’NEX the loop of Henley to the collecting duct, reabsorption can occur here, the last segment of the nephron.

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15
Q

What is the function of loop of Henle?

A

Takes urine from the proximal tubule to the distal tubule

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16
Q

What happens in the descending loop of Henle?

A

Is permeable to water and ions and is the site of some reabsorption

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17
Q

What happens in the ascending loop of Henle?

A

Is impermeable to water so sodium ions are actively transported out

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18
Q

What is the function of the collecting duct?

A

Collect urine from many nephrons and carries the urine to the renal pelvis

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19
Q

The nephron is split into three regions what is the filter region?

A

Located at top called the Bowmans capsule

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20
Q

What is inside each Bowmans capsule?

A

I could Hillary network called the glomerulus (filtration device)

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21
Q

The Bowmans capsule is impermeable to what?

A

Proteins, large molecules and red blood cells

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22
Q

What can pass through the Bowmans capsule?

A

Water, small molecules, ions and urine

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23
Q

What is the name of the filter fluid that leaves the glomerulus?

A

Filtrate

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24
Q

The nephron is split into three regions what is the tubule region?

A

Tubule absorbs substances from filtrate that are useful to the body. Tubule secrete substances into the tissues.

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25
Q

The tubule region is divided into three sections what are they?

A

Proximal tubule, Loop of Henle and distal tubule

26
Q

The nephron is split into three regions what is the duct region?

A

Tubule empties into pipe like channel called collecting duct. Reclaim water from filtrate passing through it. Filtrate in duct contain water, solutes and particles called urine. Remaining water and solutes return to body the renal veins.

27
Q

What are the four main processes of the formation of urine in the nephron?

A

Glomerular filtration, Tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion, water reabsorption.

28
Q

What is glomerular filtration?

A

Process the results in the movement of water and solutes except proteins, from the blood plasma into the nephron done a pressure gradient.

29
Q

What is tubular reabsorption?

A

Process in which water and useful solutes are reabsorbed from the filtrate in the nephron and transported into capillaries for reuse in the body.

30
Q

What are the two types of transport mechanisms involved in tubular reabsorption?

A

Active transport and passive transport

31
Q

Describe the reabsorption in the loop of Henle.

A

Reabsorb water and ions from the glomerular filtrate, Descending limb goes deeper into manual a region which is increasingly salty.

32
Q

The saltiness in the descending loop of Henley causes what?

A

Causes water to diffuse from the filtrate to the capillaries by osmosis

33
Q

What is reabsorbed in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

A

Sodium ions Diffuse From filtrate and into blood vessels via concentration gradient

34
Q

What is tubular secretion?

A

Process that moves additional wastes an excess substances from the blood into the filtrate in the nephron, uses mainly active transport.

35
Q

What controls secretion and reabsorption?

A

Hormones

36
Q

What is water reabsorption?

A

Process which removes water from the filtrate in the nephron and returns to the blood for reuse my body systems

37
Q

What does it mean if blood plasma is too concentrated?

A

Means dehydration

38
Q

Active secretion of hydrogen ions occurs where in the nephron?

A

The proximal tubule

39
Q

Active secretion of hydrogen ions and passive secretion of potassium ions by electrical tractions till chloride ions occurs in what part of the nephron?

A

Distal tubule

40
Q

What is an osmoreceptor?

A

Cell that is sensitive to osmotic pressure most are located in the hypothalamus of the brain.

41
Q

What does a ADH do in the kidney?

A

ADH increases permeability of distal tubule and collecting duct, Leading to more water being reabsorbed into the blood

42
Q

Do you hydration stimulates the secretion of what?

A

ADH

43
Q

If blood plasma is to dilute what happens?

A

Distal tubule and collecting duct become less permeable to water, more water is excreted in urine pyramid

44
Q

After dilute urine exits the body what happens to the osmotic pressure of plasma?

A

Osmotic pressure of plasma and tissue fluid returns to normal

45
Q

What gland releases a ADH in the blood?

A

Pituitary gland

46
Q

Kidneys regulate _______ balance in blood and control excretion and reabsorption of _______.

A

Salt; ions

47
Q

What is aldosterone?

A

Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, stimulates the distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidneys to increase the absorption of sodium into the bloodstream

48
Q

What role does the kidneys play in the maintenance of blood pH.

A

Excrete H+ And reabsorb HCO3 to maintain normal blood pH

49
Q

If blood is too acidic what does the kidneys do?

A

H+ is excreted in HCO3 is reabsorbed

50
Q

If the blood is too basic what does the kidneys do?

A

H+ is not excreted and HCO3 is not reabsorbed

51
Q

What are the ureters?

A

Long muscular tubes that transport urine from kidneys to the urinary bladder

52
Q

What is the urinary bladder?

A

Temporarily stores urine

53
Q

How does the urinary bladder temporarily store urine?

A

Controlled by to sphincter muscles

54
Q

What happens when a sphincter muscle relaxers in the urinary bladder?

A

Urine drains down the bladder

55
Q

What is the urethra?

A

Tubes or which you’re in exits the body

56
Q

How long is the urethra in centimetres in male and female?

A

20 cm in males and 4 cm in females

57
Q

Excretion is…

A

Removal of liquid waste from cell

58
Q

What is the function of the excretory system?

A

Remove poisonous waste from the blood

59
Q

Blood entering the kidney will travel through with structure?

A

The renal artery

60
Q

Blood leaving the kidney will travel through which structure?

A

The renal vein

61
Q

Urine is made mostly of?

A

Water

Biology 20 (8 decks)

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