The Excretory System Flashcards
What are the functions of the excretory system?
Regular volume and composition of body fluids, remove wastes, Return substances to the body to be reused.
Describe the functions of the kidneys.
Illuminate wastes from blood, regulate water concentration of the body as well as blood pressure, helps to maintain a constant PH.
Where are the kidneys located?
Located on Abdominal wall beneath the diaphragm and lungs
What is the renal vein in the kidney?
Veins that branch from the kidney to the inferior vena cava, carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.
What is the renal artery in the kidney?
Arteries that branch into the kidneys from the aorta, carry oxygenated blood from the heart.
What is the renal pelvis in the kidney?
Funnel like structure, receives urine from renal tissues
The renal pelvis of the kidney is divided into two parts what are they?
Outer renal cortex an inner renal medulla
What is the renal cortex Of the kidney?
Outer layer of connective tissue that surrounds the kidney
What is the renal medulla of the kidney?
Inner layer of kidney found beneath the cortex
What are the nephrons in the kidney?
Filter substances from blood and transform it into urine
Where are the nephrons located in the kidney?
Upper portion located in renal cortex of the kidney and the lower portion is located in the renal medulla of the kidney
What are the three regions of the nephron in the kidney?
A filter, a tube, and the duct
What is the function of the proximal tubule?
Joins the Bowmans capsule with the loop of Henle, sight of reabsorption from the nephron back into the blood.
What is the function of the distal tubule?
K’NEX the loop of Henley to the collecting duct, reabsorption can occur here, the last segment of the nephron.
What is the function of loop of Henle?
Takes urine from the proximal tubule to the distal tubule
What happens in the descending loop of Henle?
Is permeable to water and ions and is the site of some reabsorption
What happens in the ascending loop of Henle?
Is impermeable to water so sodium ions are actively transported out
What is the function of the collecting duct?
Collect urine from many nephrons and carries the urine to the renal pelvis
The nephron is split into three regions what is the filter region?
Located at top called the Bowmans capsule
What is inside each Bowmans capsule?
I could Hillary network called the glomerulus (filtration device)
The Bowmans capsule is impermeable to what?
Proteins, large molecules and red blood cells
What can pass through the Bowmans capsule?
Water, small molecules, ions and urine
What is the name of the filter fluid that leaves the glomerulus?
Filtrate
The nephron is split into three regions what is the tubule region?
Tubule absorbs substances from filtrate that are useful to the body. Tubule secrete substances into the tissues.
The tubule region is divided into three sections what are they?
Proximal tubule, Loop of Henle and distal tubule
The nephron is split into three regions what is the duct region?
Tubule empties into pipe like channel called collecting duct. Reclaim water from filtrate passing through it. Filtrate in duct contain water, solutes and particles called urine. Remaining water and solutes return to body the renal veins.
What are the four main processes of the formation of urine in the nephron?
Glomerular filtration, Tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion, water reabsorption.
What is glomerular filtration?
Process the results in the movement of water and solutes except proteins, from the blood plasma into the nephron done a pressure gradient.
What is tubular reabsorption?
Process in which water and useful solutes are reabsorbed from the filtrate in the nephron and transported into capillaries for reuse in the body.
What are the two types of transport mechanisms involved in tubular reabsorption?
Active transport and passive transport
Describe the reabsorption in the loop of Henle.
Reabsorb water and ions from the glomerular filtrate, Descending limb goes deeper into manual a region which is increasingly salty.
The saltiness in the descending loop of Henley causes what?
Causes water to diffuse from the filtrate to the capillaries by osmosis
What is reabsorbed in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
Sodium ions Diffuse From filtrate and into blood vessels via concentration gradient
What is tubular secretion?
Process that moves additional wastes an excess substances from the blood into the filtrate in the nephron, uses mainly active transport.
What controls secretion and reabsorption?
Hormones
What is water reabsorption?
Process which removes water from the filtrate in the nephron and returns to the blood for reuse my body systems
What does it mean if blood plasma is too concentrated?
Means dehydration
Active secretion of hydrogen ions occurs where in the nephron?
The proximal tubule
Active secretion of hydrogen ions and passive secretion of potassium ions by electrical tractions till chloride ions occurs in what part of the nephron?
Distal tubule
What is an osmoreceptor?
Cell that is sensitive to osmotic pressure most are located in the hypothalamus of the brain.
What does a ADH do in the kidney?
ADH increases permeability of distal tubule and collecting duct, Leading to more water being reabsorbed into the blood
Do you hydration stimulates the secretion of what?
ADH
If blood plasma is to dilute what happens?
Distal tubule and collecting duct become less permeable to water, more water is excreted in urine pyramid
After dilute urine exits the body what happens to the osmotic pressure of plasma?
Osmotic pressure of plasma and tissue fluid returns to normal
What gland releases a ADH in the blood?
Pituitary gland
Kidneys regulate _______ balance in blood and control excretion and reabsorption of _______.
Salt; ions
What is aldosterone?
Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, stimulates the distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidneys to increase the absorption of sodium into the bloodstream
What role does the kidneys play in the maintenance of blood pH.
Excrete H+ And reabsorb HCO3 to maintain normal blood pH
If blood is too acidic what does the kidneys do?
H+ is excreted in HCO3 is reabsorbed
If the blood is too basic what does the kidneys do?
H+ is not excreted and HCO3 is not reabsorbed
What are the ureters?
Long muscular tubes that transport urine from kidneys to the urinary bladder
What is the urinary bladder?
Temporarily stores urine
How does the urinary bladder temporarily store urine?
Controlled by to sphincter muscles
What happens when a sphincter muscle relaxers in the urinary bladder?
Urine drains down the bladder
What is the urethra?
Tubes or which you’re in exits the body
How long is the urethra in centimetres in male and female?
20 cm in males and 4 cm in females
Excretion is…
Removal of liquid waste from cell
What is the function of the excretory system?
Remove poisonous waste from the blood
Blood entering the kidney will travel through with structure?
The renal artery
Blood leaving the kidney will travel through which structure?
The renal vein
Urine is made mostly of?
Water
