The Muscular System

Question 1

What are the three types of muscle cells?

Answer 1

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle

Question 2

Muscle is a tissue made Up of cells that contract and relax to move parts of the body. They are specialized to convert _____________ into ____________

Answer 2

Chemical energy into kinetic energy

Question 3

Describe the smooth muscle.

Answer 3

Cells are long and tapered at each end was one nuclei, found in internal organs and blood vessels, involuntary.

Question 4

Where can smooth muscles be found?

Answer 4

In the uterus, bladder and digestive tract

Question 5

Describe the cardiac muscle.

Answer 5

Cells have one nucleus, tubular, only found in the heart, muscle fibres connected to one another by intercollegiate discs

Question 6

Describe the skeletal muscle.

Answer 6

Are tubular with many nuclei, contraction is under voluntary control by nervous system, found in flesh of bodies attached to the bones of the skeleton

Question 7

What are the functions of skeletal muscle?

Answer 7

Supports the body, makes the bones move, maintain a constant body temperature, and protect internal organs and stabilize joints.

Question 8

The human skeleton consists of two parts what are they called?

Answer 8

Axial and a appendicular

Question 9

What does the axial skeletal include?

Answer 9

Includes bones of head, vertebral column and rib cage

Question 10

What does the appendicular skeletal include?

Answer 10

Includes pectoral and pelvic girdle and appendages attached to them

Question 11

The human skeleton is composed of three types of connective tissues what are they?

Answer 11

Cartilage, ligaments, and bones

Question 12

Describe cartilage.

Answer 12

Provides flexible support and connections

Question 13

Describe ligaments.

Answer 13

Connect bone to bone in joints

Question 14

Describe bones.

Answer 14

Provide strong, rigid framework for the body

Question 15

Inside each muscle sheath are clusters of…

Answer 15

Muscle fibre bundles

Question 16

Each muscle fibre bundle is made up of muscle cells called…

Answer 16

Muscle fibers, nerves and blood vessels

Question 17

Muscle fibres consist of cylindrical subunits called…

Answer 17

Myofibrils

Question 18

Myofibrils are made up of…

Answer 18

Myofilaments

Question 19

What part of the muscle cell is responsible for the storage of calcium ions to aid in muscle contraction?

Answer 19

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

Calcium binding to _________ Initiates skeletal muscle contraction.

Answer 20

Troponin

Question 21

Protein bands that connect sarcomeres are called…

Answer 21

Z discs

Question 22

The thick filaments of a myofibril Are composed of…

Answer 22

Myosin

Question 23

And skeletal and cardiac muscles relaxation occurs as ________ ions are pumped backed into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 23

Calcium

Question 24

Which molecule contains a binding site for the attachment of myosin heads?

Answer 24

Actin

Question 25

Osteoporosis is the…

Answer 25

Loss of calcium from hard bone

Question 26

The site of communication between a neuron and a muscle fibre is called a…

Answer 26

Neuromuscular junction

Question 27

What is the function of troponin and tropomyosin during skeletal muscle contraction?

Answer 27

To regulate bonding between actin and myosin

Question 28

Each myofibril is surround by what in a muscle fiver?

Answer 28

Surround by sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 29

Muscle fibre is surrounded by a ______________ and form tube called _____________.

Answer 29

Plasma membrane; T tubules

Question 30

Each myofibrils contain repeating subunits arrange end to end called…

Answer 30

Sarcomeres

Question 31

How are sarcomeres connected to one another?

Answer 31

Z lines

Question 32

Each sarcomeres consists of _____ and ______ filaments.

Answer 32

Thick; thin

Question 33

Thin and thick myofilaments are made up of what two proteins?

Answer 33

Actin and myosin

Question 34

Thin filament consists of?

Answer 34

Two strands of actin protein, wound around each other with Tripp in and tropomyosin at the top

Question 35

Thick filaments consists of?

Answer 35

A bundle of myosin protein with the head protruding out

Question 36

Describe a muscle contraction.

Answer 36

Head of myosin attaches to actin, movement of actin pulls the attached myosin head in the direction of the flex.

Question 37

What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction?

Answer 37

Play an important role by creating interactions between the proteins myosin and actin

Question 38

Muscle cells acquire ATP in three ways what are they?

Answer 38

Fermentation, aerobic respiration, and breakdown of creatine phosphate

Question 39

How does creatine phosphate build up?

Answer 39

Creatine phosphate builds up in the resting muscle

Question 40

What is a muscle twitch?

Answer 40

Muscle twitch is the single contraction of a muscle fibre when stimulated by an impulse above the threshold.

Question 41

Describe a slow twitch.

Answer 41

Fibres contract slowly and resist fatigue, associated with high endurance muscles.

Question 42

What are the characteristics of a slow twitch?

Answer 42

Tire only one fuel supply runs out, Have many mitochondria, lots of myoglobin and highly vascularized

Question 43

Describe a fast twitch.

Answer 43

Fibres Adapted for rapid power generation, good for sprinting or weightlifting

Question 44

What are the characteristics of a fast twitch?

Answer 44

Rich and glycogen, little myoglobin and fewer mitochondria and blood vessels