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Biology 20 > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are transport proteins?

A

Regulate movement of hydrophilic molecules through membrane

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2
Q

What is passive transport?

A

The diffusion of molecules from a region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration via a concentration gradient

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3
Q

What are the three processes included In passive transport?

A

Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.

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4
Q

What is simple diffusion?

A

Process in which some molecules diffuse through the phospholipid belayer of cell membrane

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5
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Process in which ions and molecules use Transport proteins to pass through cell membrane.

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6
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane down a concentration gradient.

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7
Q

What is energy requiring Transport?

A

Movement of substances through membranes using cellular energy, usually supplies by ATP.

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8
Q

What is active transport?

A

Membrane proteins use cellular energy to move substances against their concentration gradient across the cell membrane.

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9
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Process in which cells engulf particles or fluids and require energy.

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10
Q

What are the three types of endocytosis?

A

Pinocytosis, receptor meditated endocytosis, and phagocytosis.

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11
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

Also known as self drinking. Small area of cell membrane dimple in word and surround the interstitial fluid, dimple them buds off into the cytosol as a vesicles.

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12
Q

What is receptor meditated Endocytosis?

A

Specific molecules or complexes of molecules that cannot die fuse or pass-through channels in the cell membrane are taken up by cells. Require specialized receptor proteins located on plasma membrane in depressions called coded pits.

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13
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

Process where cells transport large materials into the cell. Occurs when part of the cell membrane extends over the material and then fuses around it to form a vesicle called a food vacuole.

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14
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

So dispose of unwanted substances into the interstitial fluid using energy.

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15
Q

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide, water, and light

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16
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose, oxygen

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17
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place?

A

In the chloroplast

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18
Q

What two stages does photosynthesis occur in?

A

Light dependent and light independent

19
Q

What is light dependent?

A

Occurs in the thylakoid and generates ATP and NADPH.

20
Q

What is light independent?

A

Also called the Calvin Benson cycle, occurs in the stroma and produces glucose.

21
Q

What is oxidation?

A

An atom or molecule loses an electron.

22
Q

What is reduction?

A

An atom or molecule gains an electron

23
Q

What is a photo system?

A

Cluster of light absorbing pigment molecules within thylakoid membrane‘s in chloroplasts

24
Q

What is Chemiosmosis?

A

Process through which ATP is generated across the inner membrane of mitochondria and the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. Couples the movement of hydrogen ions down a concentration gradient to the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate.

25
Q

Where does light independent reactions take place?

A

In the stroma of the chloroplast

26
Q

Which reaction between light dependent and light independent do not require light?

A

Light independent reactions

27
Q

What are the steps and light independent reactions?

A

Step 1: carbon dioxide fixation,
Step2: reduction of ATP and NADPH,
Step 3: replacement of ribulose biphosphate (RuBP)

28
Q

Describe the process of the light independent reactions (Calvin Benson cycle)?

A

Carbon from the atmosphere combines with RuBP to from a unstable 6C compound.
Stables and Splits into 12 3C compounds (PGAL).
2 PGAL molecules leave chloroplast to make glucose.

29
Q

What is aerobic cellular respiration?

A

Respiration carried out using oxygen to produce ATP

30
Q

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

A

Glucose and oxygen

31
Q

What are the products are cellular respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide water and energy

32
Q

What is the fluid in the mitochondria called?

A

The matrix

33
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

one glucose Molecule is broken down to form two Pyruvate molecules As well as a small amount of ATP.

34
Q

What is the Krebs cycle?

A

A series of reactions that breakdown the end products of glycolysis, producing carbon dioxide and generating a large amount of ATP.

35
Q

What is the electron transport system?

A

In the mitochondria and chloroplasts, a system of electron carrying molecules that transfer electrons to generate a hydrogen ion gradient to produce ATP

36
Q

Give chemiosmosis is also known as what?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

37
Q

If oxygen isn’t present where does the pyruvate from glycolysis go?

A

Originally goes to Krebs cycle but if there is not a sufficient amount of oxygen Proceeds to fermentation

38
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

Respiration carried out without using oxygen to produce ATP

39
Q

What is fermentation?

A

Carbohydrates are anaerobically broken down into simpler components, includes glycolysis and is widely occurring in yeast and bacteria.

40
Q

What is lactate fermentation?

A

NADPH is used to convert pyruvate to lactate, occurs during strenuous activities and muscle cells.

41
Q

What is ethanol fermentation?

A

Convert pyruvate to ethanol and carbon dioxide with low oxygen conditions inhibit aerobic respiration

42
Q

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

A

In the mitochondria

43
Q

Where does an aerobic respiration occur?

A

In the cytoplasm

Biology 20 (8 decks)

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