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Biology 20 > Circulatory System, Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Circulatory System, Lymphatic System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the functions of the circulatory system?

A

Transport, regulate, and protect

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2
Q

Describe the transport function.

A

Transport materials throughout the body, gases, nutrients, hormones, and waste materials.

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3
Q

Describe the regulates function.

A

Regulates internal body temperature by balancing heat production with heat loss. Also known as homeostasis regulation.

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4
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

The process where heat is removed. Vessels dilate and increase blood flow hence more heat is lost through the skin as sweat.

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5
Q

Describe the protects function.

A

Protects against blood loss, disease causing microbes and toxic substances

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6
Q

What are the three main components of the circulatory system?

A

Blood, blood vessels, and the heart

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7
Q

What is the function of blood?

A

Carries nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, wastes and other material

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8
Q

What is the function of blood vessels?

A

Function as roadways through which blood moves

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9
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A

Organ that pushes blood throughout the body, ensure blood flows in one direction, and separates oxygen rich blood from oxygen poor blood.

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10
Q

Blood consists of two portions what are they?

A

A liquid portion called plasma, and a solid portion Which is a cell based portion.

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11
Q

Describe the liquid portion (plasma) of blood.

A

Makes up 55% of blood volume, consists of water, dissolved gases, proteins, sugars, vitamins, minerals, hormones, and waste products.

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12
Q

Describe the solid portion (cell based portion)of blood.

A

Makes up 45% of blood volume, consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

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13
Q

The production of red blood cells is produced where? by the process of what?

A

Is produced in the bone marrow through a process called erythropoiesis

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14
Q

Red blood cells carry what from lungs to the tissues?

A

They carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues

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15
Q

How long do red blood cells live for?

A

Approximately 120 days

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16
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

Haemoglobin is an iron containing molecule

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17
Q

What percentage of blood volume do White blood cells make up?

A

1% of blood volume

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18
Q

What is the purpose of white blood cells?

A

Respond to infections

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19
Q

What are the three groups of white blood cells?

A

Granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes

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20
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, veins, and capillaries

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21
Q

Describe capillaries.

A

The smallest blood vessels, walls made up of single layer cells, located to the body and fine networks.

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22
Q

Describe the function of arteries.

A

Transport oxygen rich blood away from the heart, elastic walls, keeps blood flowing in the right direction.

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23
Q

Describe the function of veins.

A

Transport oxygen poor blood to the heart, has thinner walls than arteries and larger inner circumference, no elastic walls, contracts and keeps blood flowing towards the heart, has one-way valves to prevent the backflow of blood.

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24
Q

Where do capillaries lie?

A

Between arteries and vein’s

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25
Q

The right side of the heart deals with what type of oxygen blood?

A

Deals with oxygen poor blood

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26
Q

The left side of the heart deals with what type of oxygen blood?

A

Deals with oxygenated blood, oxygen rich blood

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27
Q

The walls of the heart are made up of what type of muscle?

A

Cardiac muscle

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28
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

Has two upper chambers called atria, and to lower chambers called ventricles.

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29
Q

What is the function of the two upper chambers in the heart called atria’s?

A

Return blood from the body from body or lungs

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30
Q

What is the function of the two lower chambers in the heart called ventricles?

A

Receive blood from atria and pump it to the body or to the lungs.

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31
Q

What separates the atria and ventricles in the heart?

A

Separated by a thick muscular wall called the septum

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32
Q

The cardiac muscle cells found in the heart are linked to each other by what?

A

Intercalated disc

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33
Q

On the right side of the heart the superior vena cava does what?

A

Collects oxygen poor blood from tissues in the head, chest and arms

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34
Q

On the right side of the heart the inferior vena cava does what?

A

Collects oxygen poor blood from tissues elsewhere in the body excluding the head, chest and arms.

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35
Q

The right atrium on the right side of the heart receives oxygen depleted blood from the…

A

Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

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36
Q

After the right atrium on the right side of the heart fills up at contracts and forces blood into the right…

A

Into the right ventricle

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37
Q

The right ventricle on the right side of the heart contracts and since the oxygen poor blood to the lungs through the…

A

Pulmonary arteries

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38
Q

On the left side of the heart the pulmonary veins do what?

A

Collect oxygen rich blood from the lungs and open into the left atrium of the heart

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39
Q

The left atrium on the left side of the heart receives blood and squeezes it into the…

A

Left ventricle

40
Q

The left ventricle on the left side of the heart contracts and sins oxygenated blood through the _________ to what parts of the body?

A

Since blood through the aorta to all parts of the body

41
Q

What is the biggest blood vessel in the body?

A

The aorta

42
Q

The heart consists of four valves to ensure blood flows in the correct direction what are they called?

A

Two atrioventricular valves, and two semilunar valve‘s

43
Q

What are the two names of the two atrioventricular valves?

A

Bicuspid and tricuspid

44
Q

What is the purpose of the tricuspid valve?

A

Separates right atrium and ventricle

45
Q

What is the purpose of the bicuspid valve?

A

Separates left atrium and ventricle

46
Q

What is the function of the two semilunar valve’s?

A

Prevent backflow of blood into ventricles when heart relaxes

47
Q

What are the three stages of the cardiac cycle?

A

Atrial systole, ventricular systole, and diastole

48
Q

Describe the atrial systole stage of the cardiac cycle.

A

To atria contract simultaneously an empty it’s content into ventricles

49
Q

Describe the ventricular systole stage of the cardiac cycle.

A

To ventricles contract simultaneously forcing blood into the arteries and out of the heart

50
Q

Describe the diastole stage of the cardiac cycle.

A

Both atria and ventricles relax before the cardiac cycle repeats

51
Q

What is the function of the sinistral node (SA)?

A

Generate an electric signal that spreads over atria, causing them to contract simultaneously

52
Q

What is the function of the atrioventricular node(AV)?

A

Transmit single through bundle of fibres called the bundle of His, bundle of His relays signal through Purkinje fibres Which initiate contraction of left and right ventricles

53
Q

Where is the sinoatrial node located?

A

Located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart

54
Q

Where is the atrioventricular node located?

A

Located in the floor of the right atrium in the heart

55
Q

How do you measure blood pressure?

A

Measured in millimetres using a sphygmomanometer

56
Q

How was blood pressure presented?

A

As systolic pressure over diastolic pressure in the form of a fraction

57
Q

Define stroke volume.

A

Amount of blood forced out of heart with each heartbeat

58
Q

The lower the resting heart rate the higher the…

A

Stroke volume

59
Q

A higher stroke volume is an indicator of what?

A

Good fitness

60
Q

What are the three different pathways of the circulatory system?

A

Pulmonary pathway, systemic pathway, and coronary pathway

61
Q

Describes a pulmonary pathway.

A

Transport oxygen poor blood to the lungs, carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged Between blood income pillories and air in the alveoli

62
Q

Describe the systemic pathway.

A

Oxygen rich blood moves from left ventricle to body tissues, oxygen and nutrients move into cells and waste products without a cells into the blood.

63
Q

Describes a coronary pathway.

A

Blood is transported to the muscle tissue of the heart

64
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A

Transport fats from small intestine to bloodstream, filters aged blood cells and other debris’s from the blood, defends body, returns access extracellular fluid to bloodstream.

65
Q

What is the lymph in the lymphatic circulatory system?

A

Colorless/pale yellow fluid made up of interstitial fluid, Similar composition as plasma

66
Q

What is the lymphatic vessels of the lymphatic circulatory system?

A

Found mainly an abdomen and thoracic region, collect lymph, Closely associated with pillories of the cardiac vascular system

67
Q

What are the lymphatic capillaries of the lymphatic circulatory system?

A

Carrie digested fat throughout the body

68
Q

What are the lymph nodes Of the Lymphatic a Circulatory system?

A

Site of maturation of lymphocytes also contains macrophages

69
Q

Lymphocytes is the main sell in the line of defence divided into two groups what are they called?

A

B lymphocytes (b cells), and T lymphocytes (t cells)

70
Q

Describe B lymphocytes.

A

Mature and bone marrow and activated by specific antigens to create memory of foreign bodies by producing antibodies

71
Q

Describe T lymphocytes.

A

Mature in the thymus gland and provides cellular immunity

72
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Molecules found on the surface of selves and pathogens enables the body’s immune system to identify pathogens

73
Q

What are B cells specific defense?

A

Different B cells produce different antibodies to increase variation, activation of PCL causes enlargement and division into memory B cells and plasma cells

74
Q

What is the T cells specific defense?

A

Fight off invading pathogens, four types of cells

75
Q

What are the four types of T cells?

A

Helper T cells, killer T cells, suppressor T cells, and memory T cells

76
Q

What is the function of helper T cells?

A

Recognizes antigens and gave out signal

77
Q

What is the function of killer T cells?

A

Puncture infected cells

78
Q

What is the function of suppressor T cells?

A

Inhibit cellular immunity so normal to she doesn’t get destroyed

79
Q

What is the function of memory T cells?

A

Remain in the bloodstream to detect another infection

80
Q

Humans blood is classified into four groups, based on the antigens on the surface of red blood cells what are they?

A

A, B, AB, or O

81
Q

Antigen patterns are called…

A

Blood types

82
Q

Blood type AB is also known as a?

A

Universal recipient, Individuals can receive any type of blood

83
Q

Blood type O is known as a?

A

Universal donor, individuals can donate blood to anyone

84
Q

What is the Rh factor?

A

As a group of antigen found on surface of red blood cell

85
Q

The cardiac muscle has what characteristics?

A

Striated, involuntary, and single nucleus

86
Q

Blood vessels are tubes the transport…

A

Oxygen, carbon, digested food and waste substances

87
Q

Blood component that is the liquid portion?

A

Plasma

88
Q

What vessel brings blood to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary artery

89
Q

Blood vessels can alter blood flow by…

A

Vasodilation and vasoconstriction

90
Q

What is a SA node often called?

A

Pacemaker

91
Q

What are lymphocytes like B and T cells also known as?

A

White blood cells

92
Q

T lymphocytes a rise in _______the in mature in the __________

A

Bone marrow, thymus

93
Q

What produces antibodies?

A

B cells

94
Q

True or false Type O blood has no antigens.

A

True

95
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Proteins

Biology 20 (8 decks)

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