The respiratory system

Question 1

What is vital capacity ?

Answer 1

Largest amount of air that can be forcibly inspired or expired - 14-15L

Question 2

What are the 2 functions of the RS ?

Answer 2

Get oxygen into the body
Get Carbon dioxide out the body

Question 3

What is the 4 step process of inhalation ?

Answer 3

1. Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract
2. Ribs move up and out and diaphragm flattens/lowers
3. Increased space/volume indside the lungs
4. Air rushes in due to reduced pressure

Question 4

What is the 4 step process of exhalation ?

Answer 4

1. Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax
2. Ribs move down and in, diaphragm domes
3. Decreases space/volume indside of the lunges
4. Air rushes out

Question 5

What is the 6 step journey of the air ?

Answer 5

1. Air enters via the nasal cavity/mouth where its warmed & moistend
2. Air goes down the trachea
3. Air arrives at the 2 branches - right & left bronchi
4. From the bronchi it seperates into the right & left lung
5. Continues down to smaller tubes called the bronchioles
6. Air arrives at the aveoli

Question 6

What is the process of gaseous exchange ?

Answer 6

• Takes place in the aveoli
• The lungs take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide
  -By diffusion

Question 7

What happens at the alveoli ?

Answer 7

1. Blood carries CO2 from the body cells to the alveoli
   2a. The CO2 passes through the capillary walls and into alveoli via diffusion
   2b. O2 passes through the alveoli walls into the capillaries
   3a. Blood carries oxygen away to the body
   3b. CO2 travels out of the lunges up the trachea then you breath it out.

Question 8

What is respiratory rate ?

Answer 8

Number of breaths per minute

Question 9

What is tidal volume ?

Answer 9

Amount of air inhaled & exhales with each normal breath at rest or during exercise

Question 10

What is VO2 max ?

Answer 10

Volume of O2 that an athlete can consume while exercising at max capacity

Question 11

What is the composition of air that is inhaled vs exhaled

Answer 11

Inhaled:
Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
CO2- 0.04%
Exhaled:
Nitrogen-78%
Oxygen -17%
CO2- 4%

Question 12

What are the 3 short term effects of exercise on the RS ?

Answer 12

1. Increased respiratory rate
2. Incrased tidal volume
3. Experience oxygen debt (anaerobi

Question 13

What are the 8 long term effects of exercise on the RS ?

Answer 13

1. Improved efficiecy of lungs
2. More efficient removal of CO2
3. Vital capacity increased
4. More alveoli available
5. VO2 max increased
6. Increased capillarisation
7. Rib muscles & diaphragm are stronger
8. Increased tolerence to oxgyen debt