Musco-skeletal

Question 1

What is a joint ?

Answer 1

A place where 2 or more bones meet

Question 2

What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system ?

Answer 2

Protection, muscle attachment, Joints for movement, Calcium & phosphurus production, red & white blood cell production

Question 3

What is the order of the vertebral column ?

Answer 3

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar , sacrum & coccyx

Question 4

What are the 4 bone groups ?

Answer 4

Long bones, Short bones, Flat bones & irregular bones

Question 5

What are the 4 types of joints ?

Answer 5

Ball & socket, hinge , pivot & condyloid

Question 6

What do pivot joints do ?

Answer 6

Allow rotation
- Neck, elbow & wrist

Question 7

What do hinge joints do ?

Answer 7

Go forwards & backwards
- Elbow & knee

Question 8

What do ball & socket joints do ?

Answer 8

Allow a large range of movement
- Hip

Question 9

What do condyloid joints do ?

Answer 9

Allow circular movement
- Wrist

Question 10

What is a tendon ?

Answer 10

Attaches muscle to bone

Question 11

What is a ligament ?

Answer 11

Connect bone to bone

Question 11

What is flexion ?

Answer 11

Bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts

Question 12

What is extension ?

Answer 12

Straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts

Question 13

What is adduction ?

Answer 13

Movement that pulls towards the midline of the body

Question 14

What is abduction ?

Answer 14

Movement that pulls away from the midline of the body

Question 15

What is rotation ?

Answer 15

Movement around a single axis or pivot joint

Question 16

What is circumduction ?

Answer 16

Moving in a circualr or conical way

Question 17

What is dorsi-flexion ?

Answer 17

Bending or flexing the toes up, closer to the shin

Question 18

What is plantar flexion ?

Answer 18

Extending or pointing the toes down, away from the shin

Question 19

What are the 3 types of muscle ?

Answer 19

Voluntary, Involuntary & cardiac

Question 20

What are the characteristics of a voluntary muscle ?

Answer 20

Muscles that are under your control
-You choose when to contract & relax them
- They have cylindrical fibres
- Attached to the skelaton by tendons so they are also called skeletal muscles

Question 21

What are the charcteristics of involuntary muscles ?

Answer 21

They are not under your control
- They contract & relax automatically
- They are controlled by the involuntry nervous system
- Spindle shaped

Question 22

What are the charcteristics of cardiac muscles ?

Answer 22

• Only found in the walls of the heart
• We cannot control them

Question 23

Where is the deltoid and what does it do ?

Answer 23

-Front and rear of shoulder
- Abducts arm away from the body / lift arm above head

Question 24

Where are the hip flexors and what do they do

Answer 24

Front of hip -connect leg,pelvis and abdomen - Flex hip - move leg and knee up to the body

Question 25

Where is the tricep and what does it do ?

Answer 25

- Back of upper arm - Extends lower arm

Question 25

Where are the pectorals and what do they do ?

Answer 25

- Across front of chest - Adducts arm and draws arm forward to rotate inwards

Question 26

Where is the bicep and what does it do ?

Answer 26

Front of upper arm - Flexes lower arm

Question 27

Where is the latissimus dorsi and what does it do ?

Answer 27

- Back of chest - Extends and abducts upper arm

Question 28

Where are the abdominals and what do they do ?

Answer 28

- Front of abdomen - Holds stomach - Flexes spine - Rotates trunk

Question 29

Where are the gluteals and what do they do ?

Answer 29

Found in bum/buttocks - Extends & abducts upperleg/thigh

Question 30

Where is the quadricep and what does it do ?

Answer 30

Front of the thigh - Extends lower leg

Question 31

Where is the hamstring and what does it do ?

Answer 31

Back of thigh - Flexes lower leg

Question 32

Where is the gastrocnemius and what does it do ?

Answer 32

Back of lower leg - Points toes/plantar flexion

Question 33

Where is the tibiallis anterior and what does it do ?

Answer 33

- Runs down the shin - Flexes the foot / dorsi flexion

Question 34

What is an antagonistic muscle pair ?

Answer 34

A pair of muscles that work together to create movement

Question 35

What do the 2 muscles do in an antagonistic pair ?

Answer 35

The agonist contracts and pulls - The antagonist relaxes

Question 36

What are the 4 antagonistic pairs

Answer 36

Tricep and bicep Quadricep and hamstring Gastrocnemius and tibiallis anterior Hip flexors and gluteals

Question 37

What are the 2 types of muscle contraction ?

Answer 37

Isatonic -When the muscle contracts and creates movement Isomentric- When the muscle contracts and no movement is produced

Question 38

What are the 3 types of muscle fibres ?

Answer 38

Type 1 (slow twitch)- Endurance sports - work aerobially Type IIa (fast twitch)- High intesnity-Anaerobially Type IIx (Fast twitch)-Very high intensity - anaerobially

Question 39

What is myoglobin ?

Answer 39

red pigment that stores oxygen

Question 40

What are the 7 short term effects of exercise on the muscoskeletal system ?

Answer 40

- Increased muscle temp - Lactic acid accumilation - Dehydration - Cramps - Muscle fatigue - Increased CO2 production - Increased body temp

Question 41

What are the 6 Long term effects of exercise on the muscoskeletal system ?

Answer 41

- Body shape changes - Increased tolerence to lactic acid - Increased bone strength/density - Increased thickness & strength of tendons - Increased flexibility - Increased size of muscles - hypertrophy