Planes, Levers & axis Flashcards
What are the 3 different planes ?
Frontal, Sagittal and transverse
What is a frontal plane ?
Divides the body vertically into front & back
What is a sagital plane ?
It divides the body vertically into left & right
What is a transverse plane ?
Divides the body horizontally into top and bottom half.
What are examples of a sagital plane ?
Front somersault, Sit ups & the torso when running
What are examples of a frontal plane ?
Cartwheel, Star jump
What are examples of a transverse plane ?
Full twist, Tenis forehand
What is an axis ?
An imaginary line which the body parts turn around
What is a frontal axis ?
It goes from left to right
What is a vertical axis ?
It goes front head to toe
What is a sagital axis ?
It goes from front to back
What are examples of a vertical axis ?
Pirouette, Full twist & discus
What are examples of a frontal axis ?
Front sommersault, Front & back handspring
What are examples of sagittal axis ?
Cartwheel & Aerial
What are the planes & axis pairs
Frontal axis = sagital plane
Sagital axis = frontal plane
verticle axis = transverse plane
What is a first class lever ?
- It acts as a seesaw
- Load – Falcrum – effort
Example : Lifting head - Vertbrae is pivot, Head is load & trapezius is effort
What is a second class lever ?
- Have a wheel barrow action
- effort-load—fulcrum
Example: Plantar flexion- Toes joint is falcrum, Weight is load & the gastrocnemius is effort
What is a third class lever ?
Fulcrum-effort—load
All flexion & extension joints exept extension at the elbow
Example : Bicep curl- Fulcrum is the elbow, The bicep is the effort & the load is the hand
What is a mechanical advantage of a lever ?
If the effort arm is longer than the load arm - 2nd class
What is a mechanical disadvantage of a lever ?
If the load arm is longer than the effort arm - 3rd class - small movement = large action - Can increase speed & power
What are the advantages of 1st & 2nd class levers ?
- Stable and strong increasing the lever arm increases the mechancial advantage
What are the disadvantages of 1st & 2nd class levers ?
- Slow
- Limited flexibility
What are the advantages of 3rd class levers ?
- Fast strong movements
- Larger range of movement
- Increasing length of lever arm decreases mechanical advantage
What are the disadvantages of 3rd class levers ?
Force applied is always greater then the load
