Cardiovascular system Flashcards
What does the pulmonary circiut do ?
Carry blood between the heart & lungs
What does the systemic circuit do?
Carry blood between the heart & the rest of the body
What do vaulves do ?
Stop blood from flowing in the wrong direction
What do the 2 ventricles do ?
Pump blood out of the heart
What the the 2 atriums do ?
Collect blood as it comes into the heart
Which is the thickest chamber ?
Left ventricle - it has to pump blood all the way around the body
What do arteries do ?
Carry blood away from the heart
What do veins do ?
Carry blood to the heart
What do capillaries do?
Distribute oxygen within organs
What are the 3 functions of the CV system ?
Transport- Oxygen, Carbon dioxide & nutrients
Blood clotting- Platelets form scabs
Body temp regulation - Vasodialation & Vasoconstriction
What is vascular shunting
The process of increasing blood flow to active areas during exercise by diverting blood away from inactive areas
What is vasodialation ?
Increasing the diamter of the lumen to increase blood flow and increase heat loss by radiation
What is vasoconstriction ?
Decreasing the diameter of the lumen to reduce blood flow and reduce heat loss by radiation
What is blood pressure ?
The pressure of blood against the wallls of the blood vessels
What is the systolic phase of the blood pressure ?
The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumbs blood from the chambers into the arteries
What is the diastolic phase of the blood pressure ?
The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood
What is heart rate ?
Number of times the heartbeats per minute
What are the 4 components of the blood?
Red blood cells - 45%
White blood cells- under 1%
Platelets - under 1%
Plasma - 55%
What is adrenaline ?
A hormone which makes the heart beat faster, makes blood go to the muscles
What is stroke volume ?
Amount/volume of blood pumped out of the heart in a single beat.
What is cardiac output (Q) ?
Total volume of blood from the heart in a minute
What is maximum heart rate (MHR)
The highest number of beats the heart makes during exercise
What is recovery rate ?
The rate at which heart rate returns to resting levels, immediatley after exercise
What is the equation for cardiac output
Q=HR x SV
