The Regulation Of Homeostasis/The Cardiopulmonary System Flashcards
Key brain structures in homeostasis
Hypothalamus and medulla oblongata, homeostasis is regulated in the brain
Parasympathetic signs
Slows down heartbeat, reduces blood pressure, increase digestion & reproduction functions
Sympathetic signs
Opposite of parasympathetic
Conditions & medications limiting production of epinephrine and norepinephrine
Alter ability to mount sympathetic responses
Addison disease
Poor sympathetic response = crisis states of vasodilation and shock, cannot compensate for injuries
Medications blocking production to regulate high BP can impair compensation
FiO2
Fraction of inspired oxygen
Concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe
Respiration
Moves oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide
Air path
Inhaled air into pharynx and/or nasopharynx to the rear of the throat (hypo pharynx) to the larynx to the trachea
Patent airway
Open pathway that allows air in and out of the chest
Upper airway obstructions can be caused by (uncommon)
Choking, infection (croup), trauma or burns swelling the larynx
Tidal volume
Volume of air moved in one in/out cycle of breathing
Minute volume
Tidal volume multiplied by respiratory rate, amount of air that gets in/out of lungs in one minute
Dead air space
Air occupies space between mouth and alveoli but does not reach gas exchange, about 150 mL
Respiratory dysfunction
Occurs anytime minute volume is interfered with
Disruption of respiratory control
Medulla oblongata controls respiration
Disorders affecting brain area, stroke, infection, toxins, drugs, brain trauma, intracranial pressure
Spinal cord injuries/neurological disorders can disrupt brain transmissions
Disruption of pressure - respiratory dysfunction
Pleural space: slight space between lung and chest wall, negative pressure keeps lung adhered to chest & small amount of fluid to lube, blood/fluid/air can accumulate through trauma
Disruptions: hole, bleeding
