The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change Flashcards
define rate of reaction
the speed at which the reactants are turned into products
what is the equation that links time, quantity, rate of reaction
rate of reaction= quantity
———–
time
what units is the quantity measured in? (4 units)
cm cubed (cm³)
grams (g)
moles
dm cubed (dm³)
what units is the time measured in? (2 units)
seconds (s)
minutes (m)
what colour is hydrated copper sulfate
blue
what colour is anhydrous copper sulfate
white
what happens to a reversible reaction in a closed system
the rate of forward and reverse reaction is the same
define reversible reaction
a chemical reaction in which the products can react to form the starting reactants
what 4 factors can the direction of a reaction be affected by
- temperature
- concentration
- pressure
- surface area
define dynamic equilibrium
the forward and reverse reactions are happening at the same time and rate
what does le chatelier’s principle state
when a system is in dynamic equilibrium is subjected to a change in conditions the position of equilibrium will shift in the direction that minimises the effect of the change
explain what effect an increase in temperature has on the rate of reaction
increase in temperature
particles have more kinetic energy so move faster
more particles have energy greater than the activation energy
more successful collisions per unit time
which results in an increased rate of reaction
explain what effect an increase in concentration has on rate of reaction
increase in concentration
more particles per unit volume
more successful collisions per unit time
which results in an increased rate of reaction
state 2 ways in which you can change pressure (2 marks)
- adding more particles
2. reducing the size of the container
explain what effect an increase in pressure has on rate of reaction
increase in pressure
gas particles are closer together
more successful collisions per unit time
which results in an increased rate of reaction
