The psychoanalysts and 'hidden side' of personality Flashcards
1
Q
Freud (1856-1939)
A
- stubborn, extrovert, more interested in success of ideas
- lived in London after fleeing from Nazis
- detailed psychosexual stages of child development
2
Q
Freud’s circle of influence
A
- founded the Psycho-Analytical Society
- demanded loyalty from members
- first to acknowledge activity and energy from unconscious
- highlighted the id, ego and superego as defence mechanisms
3
Q
Freud’s concepts and science
A
- parapraxes-slips of the tongue which provide ‘windows on the mind’ but not always explained by suppressed desire
- timing on brain ativity
- subliminal perception
- dreams and their symbolism
- criticised by popper for unfalisifiability of theories
4
Q
Freud’s ego defences
A
- Repression
- Displacement
- Projection
- Rationalisation
- Denial
5
Q
Have we got Freud right?
A
- Bettelheim- inaccurately translated from a medical model perspective
- led to misunderstanding of some key concepts like id and ego
- translations depersonalised Freud’s approach which intended to be personal than scientific
6
Q
Melanie Klein (1882-1960)
A
- loss a key theme for her in her life
- followed on from Freud’s approach to understanding the psyche
- worked with children directly using psychoanalytic approach
7
Q
Klein ideas
A
- humans relate to others from birth
- transference in psychoanalytic treatment is always alive and active
- children’s play and toys they carry important symbolic meaning for them
- play and toys could be analysed in the same way dreams are in adults
- described the primitive defence of ‘splitting’ in response to overwhelming anxiety
8
Q
Alfred Adler (1870-1937)
A
- broke away from Freud to find ‘individual psychology’
- disagreed with Freud’s emphasis on sexual motives
- coined term ‘inferiority complex’
- recognised ‘social interest and creativity’
9
Q
Adler’s ideas
A
- need to strive for superiority
- understanding the goals which direct our beh
- influence of birth order on our personalities
- importance of role models and effective parenting
10
Q
Carl Jung (1875-1961)
A
- studies with psychiatrist who invented the term ‘schizophrenia’
- seen Freud as successor
- disagreed with Freud about aspects of psychosexual development and oedipus complex
- split from analytic psychology to spend 6 years in sef analysis with other patients
11
Q
Jung’s journey
A
- more interested in what people could achieve then psychopathology
- emphasised self realisation and developed word association techniques
- collective unconscious and archetype
- recognised energy creating tension existing between conscious and unconscious
12
Q
Fine Jung things
A
Collective unconscious evidenced by:
- similar themes in mythologies
- fantasies reported in psychotic episodes
- universalism of symbols
Archetypes
- persona (mask we present to deal with others)
- anima (feminine side of the male)
- the shadow (sinister stuff)
- the self (accepting who we really are)
13
Q
Limitations of Jung
A
- did not look at development of personality in children but methods investigating the psyche
- influential in beginning with development of Alcoholics Anonymous
- writings could be vague and difficult to research
14
Q
Who’s the daddy?
A
- Anna Freud and Karen Horney for providing a feminist critique of Freudianism
- Adler and Jung established contributions to perosnality in their own right
- Freud a pioneer to his ideas many that have been challenged
15
Q
Karen Horney
A
- experienced psychoanalysis and later trained to be one
- disagreed with Freud- neurosis not a product of inability to cope with sexual urges but stemmed from disturbed parent-child relationships
- emphasised cultural and social factors
- denied ‘penis envy’ but instead envy of power and influence held by men
