The Practical Lab - the Principles Flashcards
What is a serum/plain tube used for pink, red or brown)?
biochemistry, hormonal assays and serology (antibodies)
What are heparin (green, orange) tubes used for?
in-house biochemistry
What are EDTA (pink, purple) tubes for?
haematology
What are citrate (light blue/white tubes for?
coagulation profiles
What are oxalate(yellow, grey) tubes used for?
glucose
What tube is used for clotting?
serum/plain tube
What tubes are used for plasma?
heparin, EDTA, citrate and oxalate
What are clotting tubes used for?
serum
What makes plasma tubes plasma and not serum?
they all have anti-coagulants in them
What is the rule with EDTA tubes?
they should always be filled last
What do K2-EDTA tibes do?
chelate calcium
What might contamination of EDTA on biochemistry show?
low calcium and high potassium
What is hypoproteinaemia?
decreased total protein
What is hypoalbuminaemia?
decreased albumin
What is hyperbilirubinaemia?
high total bilirubin
What is hypocholesterolaemia?
decreased cholesterol
What is hypocalaemia?
decreased calcium
What range indicated ‘mild’ biochemsitry?
roughtly 13 under the reference
What ranges is indicated by ‘marked’ biochemistry?
significantly increased or decreased
What range does ‘moderate’ biochemistry indicate?
at least double or over 20 over or under
What can cause high ALT?
- primary hepatopathy
- secondaary to cholestasis
- artefact
- muscle damage
If a patient has muscle damage what enzyme would you check on biochemistry?
creatinine kinase
What are the markers of hepatocellular damage?
ALT, AST, GLDH, SDH
What are the markers of cholestasis?
ALP, GGT
