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ACVN - MEDICAL NURSING > Haematopoietic - Feline Anaemia > Flashcards

Haematopoietic - Feline Anaemia Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the red blood cell lifespan in cats?

A

70 days

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2
Q

Why are cats more prone to becoming anaemic?

A

they have a lower red blood cell mass

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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of anaemia?

A
  • pale or yellow mucous membranes
  • lethargic, weak
  • hyperdynamic pulses
  • tachycardia
  • heart murmur
  • tachypnoea
  • enlarged lymph nodes and spleen
  • pica
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4
Q

Why causes haemic murmurs?

A

reduced viscoty of blood

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5
Q

What is the word for enlarged lymph node?

A

lymphadenopathy

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6
Q

What is the word for enlarged spleen?

A

splenomegaly

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7
Q

What is the first thing to do when investigating anaemia?

A

spin a PCV

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8
Q

What will a PCV look like if equal amounts of red bloods cells and plasma has been lost?

A

it will look normal

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9
Q

What does mild anaemia look like on PCV for cats?

A

20-24%

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10
Q

What does moderate anaemia look like on PCV for cats?

A

14-19%

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11
Q

What does severe anaemia look like on PCV for cats?

A

10-13%

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12
Q

What does very severe anaemia look like on PCV for cats?

A

less than 10%

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13
Q

What does mild anaemia look like on PCV for dogs?

A

30-37%

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14
Q

What does moderate anaemia look like on PCV for dogs?

A

20-29%

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15
Q

What does severe anaemia look like on PCV for dogs?

A

13-19%

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16
Q

What does very severe anaemia look like on PCV for dogs?

A

less than 13%

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17
Q

What is the priority in investigation of anaemia?

A

haematological examination

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18
Q

What types of anaemia are there?

A

regenerative and non-regenerative

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19
Q

What features are involved in regenerative anaemia?

A

increased mean cell volume, presence of significant anisocytosis and polychromasia and an increased reticulocyte count

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20
Q

What is a reticulocyte?

A

immature red blood cell

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21
Q

What is an aggregate form of reticulocyte?

A

the type that matures into a punctate

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22
Q

What is a punctate reticulocyte?

A

found in cats

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23
Q

What is involved in regernerative anaemia?

A

reticulocytes >50x10*9/l
anisocytosis
polychromasia
MCV increased
Mean cell haemoglobin concentration decreased

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24
Q

What is seen with non-regenerative anaemia?

A

reticulocytes <50x10*9/l
normocytic
- normochromic
MCV normal
mean cell haemoglobin count normal

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25
Q

What is anisocytosis?

A

variation in reb blood cell size

26
Q

What is polychromasia?

A

variation in red blood cell density of colour

27
Q

What is hypochromic?

A

pale

28
Q

What is neuuleated red blood cell?

A

earlier release from bone marrow

29
Q

What does normocytic mean?

A

normal size

30
Q

What does microcytic mean?

A

small red blood cells

31
Q

What does macrocytic mean?

A

large red blood cells

32
Q

What does aggregate mean?

A

actively regenerating

33
Q

How do you calculate absolute reticulocyte count?

A

absolute retiulocyte count = observed% retics c red blood cell count (x10*12/l) x 10

34
Q

What do reticulocyte counts help us determine?

A

if anaemia is regenerative or not

35
Q

How do regenerative anaemias arise?

A

due to blood loss or haemoloysis

36
Q

How long does it take for reticulocytes to be released from bone marrow in regenerative anaemia?

A

3-5 days

37
Q

What concurrent diseases can affect marrow response to anaemia?

A

FeLV and inflammatory diseases

38
Q

What can concurrent diseases do to marrow reposne to regenerative anaemia?

A

reduce it causing it to appear as non-regenerative

39
Q

How can haemorrhage cause regenrative anaemia?

A

trauma, coagulopathies, chronic blood loss from flea infestations, chronic blood loss from infected tumours, chronic blood loss from gastro-intestinal tract

40
Q

What poison can cause regenerative anaemia?

A

anti-coagulant rodenticide poisoning

41
Q

What factors may suggest an underlying haemolytic anaemia?

A

infections, immune-mediated. heinz body anaemia, severe hypophosphataemia, incompatible blood transfusions, neonatal isoerythrolysis, inherited defects

42
Q

What do Heinz bodies represent?

A

irreversibly denatured oxidised haemoglobin

43
Q

What conditions can increased number of Heinz bodies?

A

conditions associated with oxidative damage such as paracetamol toxicity, feeding onion containing baby foods, lymphoma and diabetic ketoacidosis

44
Q

What can cats with low blood phosphate get?

A

haemolysis

45
Q

What is neonatal isoerythroloysis also known as?

A

fading kitten syndrome

46
Q

What does incompatible blood transfusions cause?

A

antibodies in either the donor or recipient plasma attacks naturally ocurring antigens on the red blood cells

47
Q

What is neonatal isoerythrolysis?

A

when kittens nurse and drink milk high in anti A antibodies, A kittens born to B kittnes

48
Q

What breed of cat are often affected by neonatal isoerythrolysis?

A

brachcephalic breeds such as persians, brimans, british shorthairs

49
Q

What can happen with cats with refeeding syndrome?

A

when they feed their phosphate can drop

50
Q

What is feline infectious anaemia caused by?

A

mycoplasma organisms

51
Q

How is feline infectious anaemia spread?

A

blood sucking arthropods (fleas)

52
Q

What are the signs of feline infectious anaemia?

A

pallor, lethargy, anorexia,weight loss, pyrexia, dehydration, sometimes jaundice

53
Q

How do you treat feline infectious anaemia?

A

doxycycline antibiotic pilling followed immediately with food or syringed water to encourage movement to the stomach

54
Q

How does non-regenerative anaemia occur?

A

secondary to other systemic disease

55
Q

What are non-regenerative anaemias?

A

conditions caused when the bone barrow fails to respond adequately to anaemia and does not produce adequate red blood cells

56
Q

What secondary systemic diseases cause non-regenerative anaemias?

A

neoplasia, FeLV, FIV, FIP, bacterial infections, chronic kidney disease and chronic inflammation

57
Q

What doeschronic kindey disease cause?

A

induces anaemia through a variety of mechanisms e.g reduced red blood cell lifespan, blood loss, impaired iron utilisation and an erythropoietin deficiency

58
Q

What cases might a blood transfusion be necessary in?

A

feline infectious anaemia and non-regenerative anaemias

59
Q

What are used as the first line treatment for bone marrow failure?

A

anabolic steroids

60
Q

What do anabolic steroids do?

A

stimulate erythroid precursors in the bone marrow via an effect on erythropoietin activation

61
Q

What anabolic steroid can be used for bone marrow stimulation?

A

prednisolone

ACVN - MEDICAL NURSING (22 decks)

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