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ACVN - MEDICAL NURSING > ICU Equipment > Flashcards

ICU Equipment Flashcards

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1
Q

What equipment might be seen in an ICU?

A
  • pulse ox
  • capnography
  • doppler and oscillometric non-invasive blood pressure
  • invasive blood pressure, arterial catheters via trasnducers onto monitor
  • central venous pressure via central line, haemodynamic presure
  • multiparameters
  • glucometer
  • lactate monitor
  • microscope
  • biochemistry and haematology machine
  • centrifuge
  • syringe drivers and infusion pumps
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2
Q

Why might you use a lactate monitor?

A

if you do not own a blood gas analysis machine

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3
Q

What parameters will you find on a blood gas reading?

A
  • pH
  • PaO2/PvO2
  • PaCO2/PvCO2
  • BE
  • HCO3
  • anion gap
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4
Q

What is Pao2/PvO2 measuring?

A

partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in plasma

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5
Q

What is PaCO2/PvCO2 measuring?

A

partial pressures of carbon dioxdie dissolved in plasam

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6
Q

What is BE on a blood gas analysis?

A

base excess or deficit, H ions needed to return the pH back to normal

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7
Q

What is HCO3 measuring?

A

bicarbonate (buffer)

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8
Q

What is anion gap measuring?

A

unmeasured anions in the blood e.g ketones, uric acid, ethylene glycol

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9
Q

What is the normal range for pH?

A

7.35-7.45

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10
Q

What is the normal range for PaO2?

A

80-100mmHg

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11
Q

What is the normal range for PaCO2?

A

35-45mmHg

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12
Q

What is the normal range for HCO3?

A

21-24

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13
Q

What is the normal range for BE (base excess)?

A

+2 or -2mEq

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14
Q

What is the normal range for anion gap for dogs and cats?

A

dogs = 12-24mEq/L
cats = 13-27mEq/L

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15
Q

What can an increase in lactate cause?

A

emtabolic acidosis

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16
Q

What pH will you get with metabolic acidosis?

A

<7.35

17
Q

What pH will you get with metabolic alkalosis?

A

> 7.45

18
Q

What is it called when metabolic aklkalosis causes a pH of >7.45?

A

alkalaemia

19
Q

What is it called when metabolic acidosis causes a pH of <7.35?

A

acidaemia

20
Q

What compensatory factors occur with metabolic acidosis?

A

pH within normal limits but HCO3 is very low and PaCO2 is also low

21
Q

What compensatory factors occur with metabolic alkalosis?

A

pH within normal limits but HCO3 very high and PaCO2 also high

22
Q

What happens if the PaCO2 is >45mmHg?

A

respiratory acidosis

23
Q

What happens if PaCO2 is <35mmHg?

A

respiratory alkalosis

24
Q

What happens if the body is in respiratory alkalosis?

A

hypoventilation to retiain CO2 to bring pH down

25
Q

What happens if the body is in respiratory acidosis?

A

body with hyperventilate to get rid of CO2

26
Q

If a patient has a blood gas of
pH - 7.063
PaCO2 - 106.7mmHg
HCO3 - 28.4
BE - 4.2
what causes this?

A

Aacidaemia and primary resporatory acidosis with partial metabolic acidosis

27
Q

If a patient has a blood gas
of
pH- 7.202
PaCO2 - 19.8mmHg
HCO3 - 7.4mEq/L
BE - 18.5
what causes this?

A

acidaemia, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis with compensatory respiratory alkalosis

28
Q

If a patient has this blood gas analysis
pH - 7.49
PaCO2 - 47mmHG
HCO3 - 34.8mEq/L
BE- 10.2
what causes this?

A

alkalemia, respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis and compensatory respiratory acidosis

29
Q

What conditions can cause metabolic acidosis?

A

diarrhoea, diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure, addisons disease, lactic acidosis (sepsis)

30
Q

What conditions can cause metabolic alkalosis?

A

vomiting (loss of H ions),hypoalbuminaemia (weak acid), upper GI obstruction (vomiting)

31
Q

What is the rule of 20?

A

lists the critical parameters to be checked in critical patients

32
Q

What is included in the rule of 20?

A
  • fluid balancce
  • oncotic pull/albumin
  • glucose
  • electrolytes and acid base
  • oxygenation and ventilation
  • levels of consciousbess/mentation
  • blood pressure
  • heart rate, rhythm and contractibility
  • temperature
  • coagulation
  • RBC and Hb
  • renal function
  • immune status
  • GI motility
  • drug doses/drug metabolism
  • nutrition
  • pain control
  • patient mobilisation/care
  • wound care
  • TLC
33
Q

How wouldyou nurse a ventilation patient?

A

-eye care - dry eye
- mouth care - ulcers, lack of moisture
- airway
- humidification
- physio and positioning
- lines, drains,tubes
- urination/defaecation
- drugs
- treatment of underlying conditions
- record keeping
- acid base, blood gases and electrolytes

34
Q

How would you monitor a patient with head and neck trauma who is un-responsive?

A
  • fluid balance
  • glucose and electrolyte monotoring
  • ventilation/oxygenation
  • mentation/coma score
    NIBP monitor for cushings reflex
  • HR and ECG monitor bradycardia
  • parenteral nutrition
  • coagulation checks
  • mannitol/hypertonic saline
  • u-catheter
    RBC
35
Q

What causes a cushings reflex?

A

raised intracranial pressure

36
Q

What nursing care would you provide for a head and neck trauma patient?

A

turning every 4 hours, eye care, oral care, wound management, TLC

37
Q

What is the rule of 20 for a BOAS patient presenting as cyanotic/dyspnoeic and anxious?

A
  • fluid balance - high flow oxygen therpay
  • glucose and electrolytes
  • temperature
  • venilation/oxygenation - PaO2/PaCO2
  • BP
  • HR and ECG
  • drugs
  • nutrition - parenteral
38
Q
A

ACVN - MEDICAL NURSING (22 decks)

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