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ACVN - MEDICAL NURSING > CPCR - BLS & ALS > Flashcards

CPCR - BLS & ALS Flashcards

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1
Q

What does CPCR stand for?

A

Cardio Pulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation

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2
Q

What are we aiming to perfuse when performing CPCR?

A

Heart, lungs, brain

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3
Q

What does ROSC stand for?

A

Return Of Sponatneous Circulation

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4
Q

What is respiratory arrest?

A

The patient is not breathing/apnoea

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5
Q

What is cardiac arrest/cardio-pulmonary arrest?

A

The patient has no cardiac output
They will also not be breathing

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6
Q

What patients are most at risk? (high risk)

A

Trauma
Systemically unwell
Paediactrics
Geriatrics
Iatrogenic (anaestheitic overdose)
Recently arrested

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7
Q

What can happen if a patient becomes hypoxic?

A

They could go into cardiac arrest

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8
Q

Iatrogenic patients are at even more risk than others

A

True

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9
Q

Why could patients coming in for routine procedures be more at risk?

A

Potentially less monitoring

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10
Q

When do we start CPCR?

A

As soon as we think the patient has crashed

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11
Q

What can respiratory arrest lead to?

A

Cardiac arrest

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12
Q

What could you do before starting compressions?

A

Feel for an apex beat if cannot feel pulse

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13
Q

Who can help with performing CPCR?

A

Anyone, someone trained in CPCR is ideal

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14
Q

Do you need guidance from a vet to perform BLS?

A

No

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15
Q

What does BLS stand for?

A

Basic Life Support

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16
Q

What is included in BLS?

A

CPCR cycle
Oxygen therapy

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17
Q

What is involved in ALS?

A

Drug therapy
Fluid therapy
Cardioversion

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18
Q

What is cardioversion?

A

Defibrilation

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19
Q

What postion should the patient be in for cardiac compressions?

A

Right lateral recumbency

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20
Q

What side of the patient should the compressor be on?

A

Dorsal side

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21
Q

What rate should compressions be performed at?

A

100-120 compressions per minute

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22
Q

At what depth should you compress the chest?

A

50% - 2/3 the width/depth of the thorax

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22
Q

What chambers allow blood to pump around the body?

A

Left ventricle (this is slightly to the left)

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23
Q

What is cardiac pump?

A

Compression of the thorax directly over the heart

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24
Q

How would you place your hands for a cardiac pump in a cat/small dog?

A

Both hands, thumbs over thorax directly over heart

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25
Q

How do you perform thoracic pump?

A

In lateral recumbency, over the widest point of the thorax
The dorsal, caudal thorax or ocer the xiphisternum

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26
Q

Can nurses perform direct internal cardiac compressions?

A

Yes however they cannot open the chest

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27
Q

How much should you squeeze the ventricles when performing direct internal cardiac compressions?

A

50%

28
Q

At what rate should you peform IPPV?

A

10-12 breaths per minute
1 breath every 6 seconds

29
Q

What are the benefits of using an ambu bag over a circuit for ventilation?

A

Generally easier to use
Come in different sizes
250ml would ventilalte any patient
Don’t have to leak test circuit

30
Q

What can you use to oxygenate?

A

Room air or 100% oxygen

31
Q

What should be in the airway access drawer of the crash trolley?

A

ET tubes, cuffed and whole sizes
Laryngoscope
ET tube tie
Cuff inflator
Guide wire
Plain gauze swabs
Intubeaze
Dog urinary catheter (8fg) with size 3 ET tube connector

31
Q

What is included in the IV access drawer?

A

Various sizes
IV/IO connectors, aspecitally primed
Tape
Scissors
Cut down kit
Scalpel blade size 11

32
Q

What does the phrase ‘cut down’ mean?

A

Where the vein is exposed surgically and a catheter is inserted into the vein under direct vision

33
Q

What length catheter is ideal for quick IV access?

A

Short for quick infusion of fluids

34
Q

What is a stab incision when placing an IV catheter?

A
35
Q

What should be inside the ventilation drawer?

A

paediactric ambu bag with capnograph connector and flow regulator
adult ambu bag with capnograph and flow regulator
in-line capnograph

36
Q

What is a low dose of adrenaline?

A

1:10.000 (0.1mg/ml)

37
Q

What is a high dose of adrenaline?

A

1:10000 (1mg/ml)

38
Q

What else can be found in the drug drawer?

A

Atropine
0.9NaCl pre-drawn up in 10ml syringes
pre-prepared syringes (needles attached to syringes)
ECG pads

39
Q

Why would you use adrenaline?

A

If patient is in asytole
Positive inotrope
Positive chronotrope
Potent vasopressor
Profound vasocontriction
Increases systemic vasicar resistance
Increases mean arterial pressure

40
Q

How can adrenaline be given?

A

IV through central catheter, IO or intra-tracheal
DO NOT GIVE INTRA-CARDIAC

41
Q

What does inotrope mean?

A

Increases contractility

42
Q

What does chronotrope mean?

A

Affects rate of contractility

43
Q

When would you give atropine?

A

When they arrest
When they are profoundly bradycardiac
when in asystole

44
Q

What is atropine?

A

Positive chronotrope
Increases rate the heat contracts

45
Q

How do you give atropine?

A

IV, IO or intra-tracheal
DO NOT GIVE INTRA-CARDIAC

46
Q

What is Amiodardone?

A

Anti-dysrhthmic
second line for prolong ventricular tachycardia and fibrilation

47
Q

What can amiodarone cause?

A

Anaphylaxis!

48
Q

What does glucose treat?

A

hypo-glucaemia

49
Q

How is glucose given?

A

IV (through central line), IO or trans-mucosally
DO NOT GIVE INTRA-CARDIAC

50
Q

When would you give propofol?

A

When patient is in respiratory distress

51
Q

What is propofol?

A

phenol as lipid IV anaesthetic agent

52
Q

What equipment would you need for a thoractomy?

A
  • long sleeved surgical gown
  • surgical gloves sizes 6.5 and 7.5
  • surgical drape 150x180cm
  • chloroprep 10.5m and 26ml
  • thorocotomy kit
  • scalpel blade no.1
  • small swabs (radiopaque) pack of 10
  • laparotomy swabs pack of 4
  • finochietto rub retractors small and large
  • internal defibrilator paddles
    -100ml bag of 0.9% NaCl
53
Q

What important additional equipment may be inside a crash cart?

A
  • capnography
  • suction unit
  • crash record chart
  • ECG
  • defibirlator and conduction gel
  • IO access
54
Q

What other equipment may be useful but not a neccessity?

A
  • pulse ox
  • non-invasive blood pressure
  • invasive blood pressure
55
Q

What is capnography?

A

Visual graph of ventilation

56
Q

Why is capnography important for CPCR?

A

Shows us perfusion, gaseous exchange and metabolism

57
Q

What are capnography reading are we aiming for when performing CPCR?

A

12 ETCO2

58
Q

What are the benefits of a suction unit?

A
  • most are portable
  • removes airwaysecretions
  • improves larynx visualisation
  • reduces aspiration risk
59
Q

What does an ECG tell us?

A
  • Electrical impulse/conduction
  • ECG complex formation
  • ECG rate
  • Doesn’t give information about perfusion
  • Very advanced life support
60
Q

When would you use a defibrilator?

A

When the patient is in ventricular fibrilation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia
-if patients heart rate is above 180 (dogs)

61
Q

When should you NOT use defibrilation?

A
  • when the patient is covered in spirit
  • if the patient is wet
62
Q

How do you use the defibrilator?

A
  • increase voltage by 50% each time used
    prime the defibrilator
  • conduction gel
  • apply to chest
  • stand clear (at least 1 metre)
63
Q

What intraosseus route would you go for in cat?

A

gretaer tubercle, humerus

64
Q

What intraosseus route would you go for in a large breed dog?

A

wing of the ileum

65
Q

What is the main disadvantage of providing fluids?

A

they act as a wall which makes it harder to achieve cardiac output

66
Q

Patients are likely to arrest again after arresting for the first time true or flase?

A

true

ACVN - MEDICAL NURSING (22 decks)

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