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Heart, Lungs and Blood > the pleura and the lungs > Flashcards

the pleura and the lungs Flashcards

1
Q

what are the layers of the thoracic wall

A
  • Skin
  • Superficial fascia and fat
  • Deep fascia – pectoralis fascia
  • Muscles – pectoralis major and minor, serratus anterior, intercostal muscles
  • Endothoracic fascia
  • Parietal pleura
  • Pleural space
  • Visceral pleura and lungs
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2
Q

what are the parts of the thoracic cavity

A

2x Pulmonary cavities: 2x pleural cavities and lungs
Mediastinum

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3
Q

what are the 2 pleura in the thoracic cavity

A
  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura
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4
Q

what is the pleural cavity

A
  • Pleural cavity: potential space between the layers of pleura
    • Pleural cavity contains pleural fluid.
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5
Q

what are the parts of the parietal pleura

A
  • Parietal: lines the pulmonary cavities in the thoracic cavity.
    • Costal part – thoracic wall
    • Mediastinal part – mediastinum
    • Diaphragmatic part – the superior surface of the diaphragm
    • Cervical pleura – lung apex
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6
Q

what is the visceral pleura

A

invests the parenchyma of the lungs

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7
Q

what is a pleural reflection

A

change in direction of pleura from one wall of pleural cavity to another.

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8
Q

what are the different parts of the pleural reflection

A

sternal
costal
vertebral

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9
Q

what is the pleural recesses

A

larger pleural spaces, allow for lung expansion in forced inspiration.

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10
Q

what are the parts of the pleural recesses

A
  • Costodiaphragmatic recess
  • Costomediastinal recess
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11
Q

where are the lungs located

A

within each pulmonary cavity, surrounded by visceral pleura.

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12
Q

what is the apex of the lungs

A

covered by cervical pleura, extends into the root of the neck

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13
Q

where is the base of the lungs

A

lays on each hemi-diaphragm

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14
Q

what are the lobes of the lung

A

superior, middle (right only), inferior

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15
Q

what are the fissures of the lung

A

oblique (both), horizontal (right only)

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16
Q

what are the surfaces of the lung

A

costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal

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17
Q

what are the borders of the lung

A

anterior, posterior, inferior

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18
Q

label this diagram

A
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19
Q

label this diagram

A
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20
Q

label this diagram

A
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21
Q

label this diagram

A
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22
Q

label this diagram

A
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23
Q

label this diagram

A
24
Q

label this diagram

A
25
Q

label this diagram

A
26
Q

label this diagram

A
27
Q

what is a lingula

A

Any of several tongue-shaped bony structures, especially that which forms the anterior border of the mandibular foramen.

28
Q

what are the features that the left lung has

A
  • Lingula
  • Cardiac notch
  • Lobes
  • Fissures
  • Surfaces
  • Borders
29
Q

what are the features that the right lung has

A
  • Lobes
  • Fissures
  • Surfaces
  • Borders
30
Q

what is the bronchopulmonary segment

A

portion of lung supplied by a specific segmental bronchus and its vessels

31
Q

what are features of bronchopulmonary segments

A

Apices faces root, base face pleural surface

32
Q

how many bronchopulmonary segments does the right lung have

A

10

33
Q

how many bronchopulmonary segments does the left lung have

A

8-10

34
Q

what level is the trachea at

A

c6

35
Q

what level is the primary/main bronchi at

A

t4/t5

36
Q

what are features of the right primary bronchus

A

short
wide
verticle

37
Q

what are features of the left primary bronchus

A

long
narrow
inferolateral

38
Q

what is the respiratory bronchial tree

A
  • Trachea (C6)
  • Primary/main bronchi (T4/5)
  • Secondary/lobar bronchi (2x left, 3x right)
  • Tertiary/segmental bronchi
  • Terminal bronchioles
  • Respiratory bronchioles (RB)
  • Alveolar ducts and sac
  • Alveoli
39
Q

where are bronchopulmonary segments found

A

tertiary bronchus

40
Q

how are lungs connected to the mediastinum

A

by the root

41
Q

what is the root

A

structures entering and exiting the hilum of the lung

42
Q

what are examples of roots

A
  • Pulmonary artery
  • Pulmonary veins (superior and inferior)
  • Bronchial artery (2x left, 1x right) and vein
  • Main bronchus
  • Pulmonary plexus
  • Lymphatic vessels
43
Q

what is the hilum

A

wedge-shaped depression when structures enter and exit

44
Q

what is the pleural sleeve

A

reflection from parietal to visceral pleura, surrounding the root of the lung

45
Q

what is the pulmonary ligament

A

inferior continuation of the pleural sleeve

46
Q

what does pulmonary circulation do

A

supplies the lung parenchyma, involved in gas exchange

47
Q

what vessels are involved in pulmonary circulation

A
  • Pulmonary arteries (right and left)
  • Pulmonary veins (right superior and inferior, left superior and inferior)
48
Q

where do pulmonary arteries do

A
  • Pulmonary arteries arise from pulmonary trunk directly from the right ventricle of the heart.
  • Pulmonary arteries divide down in similar pattern to the bronchial tree travelling with corresponding bronchi.
49
Q

what do pulmonary veins do

A

Pulmonary veins drain from segmental veins, merging to form 4 pulmonary veins that drain into the left atrium of the heart.

50
Q

what is bronchial circulation

A

Supplies the tracheobronchial tree (to RB), root of the lung, supporting lung tissue, visceral pleura

51
Q

what vessels are involved in bronchial circulation

A
  • Bronchial arteries (2x left, 1x right)
  • Bronchial veins (right and left)
52
Q

what do bronchial arteries do

A

left side arise from thoracic aorta, right arise from trunk with the left superior bronchial artery or right 3rd posterior intercostal artery.

53
Q

what do bronchial veins do

A

Bronchial veins only drain proximal structures at the root. Right drain into azygos vein, left drain into accessory hemi-azygos vein.

54
Q

what innervates the parietal pleura

A

Sensory: phrenic n. (C3-5), intercostal n.

55
Q

what innervates the visceral pleura

A

Sensory: sympathetic trunk (T2-6)

Heart, Lungs and Blood (51 decks)

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