fundamentals of circulation: Physiology and pathology of O2 Delivery and Perfusion Flashcards
what is hemodynamics
how blood flows through the cardiovascular system
what is heterogenous
from different origins
what are factors used to describe blood flow
- continual changing of the dimensions of blood vessels
- different physical and chemical stimuli to the heart muscle
- blood is not a uniform fluid but a heterogenous mixture of cells and proteins
what is velolcity
Velocity- the linear displacement of fluid per unit of time
what is cross-sectional area
Cross-sectional area (A)- the area the fluid moves through in any given section of the blood vessel by pi^2
what is flow
flow (q)- the volume of fluid that passes through vessel per unit of time
how do you calculate blood flow
blood flow Q=VA
what is laminar flow
- streamlined flow
- flow that occurs in concentric layer as the layers slide past each other at different velocities
what happens to fluid in laminar flow
fluid at the center will flow at the highest velocity but fluids in periphery will flow much slower due to higher frictional resistance
what is a turbulent flow
- involves rapid mixing which can disrupt normal laminar flow
- much higher pressure is necessary to maintain a constant flow
- less efficient
- if theres prolonged turbulence it may lead to hypertension
How does blood flow
- blood flows down a pressure gradient
- flow is pulsatile in the aorta and large arteries and becomes laminar in the capillaries and veins
what is pulmonary circulation
where is the mitral valve
left atrium and left ventricle
where is the aortic valve
between left ventricle and aorta
where is the tricuspid valve
between right atrium and right ventricle
where is the pulmonary valve
between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
what side of the heart has a lower pressure
right
what happens if there is an issue with the aortic valve
Left ventricle and aorta systolic pressures will be different
what happens if there is an issue with the pulmonary valve
the right ventricles and pulmonary artery systolic pressures will be different
what happens if there is an issue with the mitral valve
difference in left atrium and left ventricle diastolic pressure
what happens if there is an issue with the tricuspid valve
difference in the right atrium and right ventricle diastolic pressure
which has a higher arterial mean pressure: arteries in the systemic or pulmonary system
systemic