Respiratory histopathology Flashcards
what do the letters stand for
- S – serous glands
V – blood vessels - M- mucus secreting goblet cells
- RE numerous cilia
What covers the external aspect of the nostrils?
covered by skin
What type of epithelium lines the vestibule of the nostril?
The vestibule of the nostril is initially covered by skin, but then becomes a nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium.
What type of epithelium lines most of the nasal and paranasal sinus cavities?
Most of the nasal and paranasal sinus cavities are lined by a pseudostratified columnar epithelium, bearing numerous cilia (RE) (but few patches of squamous epithelium may persist).
What kind of cells are scattered among the columnar cells in the nasal and paranasal sinus cavities?
Mucus-secreting (goblet) cells are scattered among the columnar cells in the nasal and paranasal sinus cavities.
What is the respiratory-type epithelium?
The respiratory-type epithelium is a ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium which lines most of the air-conducting part of the respiratory tract.
What is the function of serous glands in the respiratory tract?
The serous glands in the respiratory tract secrete humidifying fluids for inhaled air.
What is the function of mucous glands in the respiratory tract?
The mucous glands in the respiratory tract secrete fluids that help trap particulate matter in inhaled air.
What are Clara cells in the respiratory tract?
Clara cells are non-ciliated cells found in the epithelium of the respiratory bronchioles and are responsible for producing one of the components of surfactant, having stem cell properties, and detoxifying noxious substances.
What is the structure of an alveolus?
Each alveolus consists of a pocket, open at one side, lined by flattened epithelial cells (pneumocytes).
What are alveolar pores?
Alveolar pores are small openings (~8μm diameter) in the alveolar septa that allow some movement of air between adjacent alveoli.
label this terminal bronchi
A: Alveolus
AS: Alveolar sac
AR: Alveolar ring
AD: Alveolar duct
R: Respiratory bronchiole
T: Terminal bronchiole
What are the two types of pneumocytes that line the alveoli?
Type 1 and Type 2.
What percentage of cells do Type 1 pneumocytes represent, and what percentage of surface area do they cover?
Type 1 pneumocytes represent about 40% of the cells but 90% of the surface area.
What is the difference in appearance between Type 1 and Type 2 pneumocytes?
Type 1 pneumocytes have flattened nuclei, while Type 2 pneumocytes have plump nuclei.
What is the function of Type 2 pneumocytes?
Type 2 pneumocytes produce surfactant.
What are the two main types of non-neoplastic respiratory diseases?
Obstructive and restrictive lung diseases.
What are some examples of obstructive lung diseases?
Asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, and cystic fibrosis.
What are some examples of restrictive lung diseases?
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, scoliosis, and other interstitial lung diseases.
What is COPD?
COPD stands for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that obstructs airflow from the lungs.
What are some causes of COPD?
Cigarette smoking, dust or irritant exposure.