Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cadiopulmonary Medicine > The Physical Examination Ch. 2 > Flashcards

The Physical Examination Ch. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The four major vital signs are

A

body temperature, pulse, RR, BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the fifth vital sign

A

Pulse Ox (sp02)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Body temperature is routinely measured to assess for signs of…

A

inflammation or infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Core temperature remains relatively constant at about…

A

37C or 98.6F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

An increased in body temperature causes the blood vessels near the skin to dilate is a process called

A

vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Decrease in body temperature causes

A

vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the four common types of fevers?

A

Intermittent, Remittent, Relapsing and Constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Intermittent fever is described as what kind of fever?

A

alternates at regular intervals periods of fevers and periods of normal or below normal temperatures (on and off)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Remittent fever, the pt has

A

peaks and valleys (more than 2C or 3.5F) over a 24 hour period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Relapsing fever is said to last

A

1 to 2 days, goes away and comes back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Constant or continuous fever is when pt’s body temp remains

A

above average without change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypothermia is the term to describe

A

core temperature below the normal range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypothermia may occur as a result of (3)

A
  1. excessive heat loss
  2. not able to create enough heat
  3. impaired thermal regulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Signs of Hypothermia may include (5)

A
  1. decreased pulse and rr
  2. severe shivering
  3. coldness and chills
  4. skin pale or bluish
  5. Hypotension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Signs of severe Hypothermia may include

A
  1. loss of conciseness
  2. altered mental status
  3. coma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Interventions for Hypothermia (5)

A
  1. remove wet clothing
  2. provide dry clothing
  3. place pt in warm environment
  4. cover pt head w/ cap or towel
  5. supply warm oral or IV fluids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some factors that affect body temperature? (5)

A

Age, environment, time of day, exercise, stress, hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The four most commonly used sites for temperature are

A
  1. mouth
  2. rectum
  3. ear (tympanic)
  4. axilla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Rectum and tympanic are considered

A

core temperatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is generated through the vascular system w/ each ventricular contraction of the heart (systole)

A

pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

a pulse is measured by

A

rate, rhythm, and strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Normal pulse range in adults?

A

60 to 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A HR lower than 60 bpm is called

A

bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A pulse rate greater than 100 is called

A

tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The diaphragm is the primary

A

muscle of respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does the diaphragm do at the end of inspiration?
And causes the pressure in the lungs to__________

A

it relaxes and the natural elasticity (recoil) causes the pressure in the lung to increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Normal RR is

A

12- 20 breaths per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal. RR 12-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Bradypnea

A

Below 12 breaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Tachypnea

A

More than 20 breaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Apnea

A

No breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Decreased rate and depth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Increased rate and depth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Cheyenne-Stokes

A

Faster and deeper, then slower and shallower, ending with apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Kussmaul’s

A

Increased rate and depth; associated w. diabetic ketoacidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Biot’s

A

Fast and deep w. abrupt apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the force exerted by the circulating volume of blood on the walls of the arteries?

A

Arterial blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the term when the heart is contracting (top)?

A

Systolic blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the term when the heart is relaxed ( bottom)?

A

Diastolic blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Blood flow is equal to

A

cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the average cardio output

A

5L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the equation for CO

A

CO=SV x HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

When an individual’s blood pressure is chronically above normal range, this is called?

A

Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

An elevated BP of UNKOWN cause is called

A

primary hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

An elevated BP of a KNOWN cause is called

A

secondary hypertension

46
Q

Hypertension is BP constantly over

A

140/90

47
Q

An abnormal condition in which the BP is not adequate for normal perfusion and oxygenation of vital organs is called what?

A

Hypotension

48
Q

Hypotension is BP

A

90/60 or below

49
Q

Occurs when BP quickly drops as the individual rises to an upright position or stands.

A

Orthostatic hypotension also called postural hypotension

50
Q

Systolic BP that is more than 10mm Hg lower on inspiration than expiration is called…

A

Pulsus paradoxus

51
Q

Noninvasive reading of o2 saturation is called

A

pulse ox

52
Q

Normal Sp02 in adults range from

A

95% to 99%

53
Q

Mild hypoxemia (sp02) ranges from

A

91% to 94%

54
Q

Moderate (sp02) hypoxemia ranges from

A

86% to 90%

55
Q

Severe (sp02) hypoxemia is

A

85% or below

56
Q

Most common sequence for examination is

A
  1. Inspection
  2. Palpation
  3. Percussion
  4. Auscultation
57
Q

An ongoing observational process that begins w/ the history and continues throughout the pt interview is called

A

Inspection

58
Q

The process of touching the pt’s chest to evaluate the symmetry of the chest expansion, the position of the trachea, skin temp, muscle tone, areas of tenderness, lumps, depressions and tactile and vocal fremitus is called

A

Palpation

59
Q

This is evaluated by lightly placing each hand over the pt’s chest so that the thumbs can meet at the midline which evaluates the symmetry of

A

Chest expansion

60
Q

Vibration that can be perceived by palpation over the chest is

A

tactile fremitus

61
Q

Tactile and vocal fremitus is decreased when anything obstructs the transmission of vibrations such as (air)

A

COPD, tumors or thickening of the plural cavity, plural effusion, pneumothorax, and muscular or obesity chest wall

62
Q

Vibration that can be perceived by palpation or auscultation over the chest during phonation is

A

vocal fremitus

63
Q

Tactile and vocal fremitus increases in pt with (fluid)

A

alveolar consolidation, atelectasis, pulmonary edema, lung tumors, pulmonary fibrosis, and thin chest walls

64
Q

Percussion is performed over the chest wall to determine the

A

size, borders, and consistency of air, liquid or solid material in the underlying lung

65
Q

This note Is heard when the chest is percussed over areas of pleural thickening, pleural effusion, atelectasis, and consolidation

A

Dull percussion note

66
Q

When chest is percussed over areas of trapped gas what note is heard?

A

Hyperresonant note

67
Q

Hyperresonant notes can be heard in pt’s with (2)

A

COPD or pneumothorax

68
Q

When severe alveolar hyperinflation is present (eg. severe emphysema, asthma) the diaphragm is _________ and _____________ and has minimal ___________

A

low and flat in position and has minimal excursion

69
Q

Lobar collapse of one lung may pull the diaphragm up on the ______________ side and ______________ ______________

A

affected side and reduce excursion

70
Q

________________ of the chest provides information about the heart, blood vessels, and air flowing in and out of the TB tree and alveoli.

A

Auscultation

71
Q

3 different normal breath sounds can be auscultated over the normal chest. They are called…

A
  1. bronchial breath sounds
  2. bronchovesicular breath sounds
  3. vesicular breath sounds
72
Q

Bronchial breath sounds are normally auscultated directly,
and are caused by

A

over the trachea and are caused by the turbulent flow of gas through the upper airway.

73
Q

Bronchovesicular breath sounds are auscultated directly over the

A

mainstem bronchi

74
Q

Vesicular breath sounds are the

A

normal sounds of gas rustling or swishing through the small bronchioles and the alveoli

75
Q

Abnormal lung sounds (ALS) are

A

atypical or uncharacteristic, lung sounds that are normally heard over a specific area.

76
Q

To describe a “pitch” ALS experts recommend the use of such words as

A

high, moderate, or low

77
Q

To describe intensity or loudness

A

faint, soft, mild, moderate, and loud

78
Q

pathologic conditions increases just vocal fremitus? (2)

A
  • Atelectasis
  • PNA
79
Q

A dull or soft percussion note would likely be heard in which of the following pathologic conditions? (2)

A
  • Pleural thickening
  • Atelectasis
80
Q

Bronchial breath sounds are likely to be heard in (2)

A
  • Alveolar consolidation
  • Atelectasis
81
Q

Wheezing is:

A
  • Produced by bronchospasm
  • Cardinal finding of bronchial asthma
  • Usually heard as high pitched sounds
82
Q

In which of the following pathologic conditions is transmission of the whispered voice of a pt through a stethoscope usually clear? (2)

A
  • Alveolar consolidation
  • Atelectasis
83
Q

Which of the following abnormal patterns is commonly associated w/ diabetic acidosis?

A

Kussmaul’s respirations

84
Q

A patient who has a temperature within the normal range is called

A

Afebrile

85
Q

Another name for hyperthermia

A

pyrexia

86
Q

When the body temperature rises above the normal range, the pt is said to have a _______ or to be _______

A

fever; febrile

87
Q

An exceptionally high temperature, such as 41c (105.8 F) is called

A

hyperpyrexia

88
Q

Intentional lowering of a pt’s body temperature to reduce the oxygen demand of the tissue cells

A

Induced hypothermia

89
Q

Nine common pulse sites are

A

Temporal
Carotid
Apical
Branchial
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Dorsal pedal
Posterior tibial

90
Q

In a clinical setting the pulse is usually assessed by

A

palpation

91
Q

Normal pulse rate for newborns

A

100-180 bpm

92
Q

Normal pulse rate for toddlers

A

80-130 bpm

93
Q

Normal range for a child

A

65- 100 bpm

94
Q

Tachycardia may occur as a result of

A

hypoxemia
anemia
fever
anxiety
emotional stress
fear
hemorrhage
hypotension
dehydration
shock
exercise

95
Q

Bradycardia may be seen in pts with

A

hypothermia
physically fit athletes

96
Q

HR to increase during inspiration and decrease during exhalation is called

A

sinus arrhythmia

97
Q

The strength of the pulse to vary every other beat while the rhythm remains regular is called

A

pulsus alternans

98
Q

Tachypnea is seen in pts with

A

fever
metabolic acidosis
hypoxemia
pain
anxiety

99
Q

Bradypnea may occur in pts w/

A

hypothermia
head injuries
drug overdose

100
Q

The numeric difference between the systolic and diastolic bp is the

A

pulse pressure

101
Q

Example of pulse pressure: systolic 120 mm hg and a diastolic of 80 mm hg (120- 80)

A

Equals 40 mm hg

102
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Increased depth and rate; similar to hyperventilation

103
Q

Factors associated w/ hypertension include:

A

Obesity
high serum sodium level
pregnancy
obstructive sleep apnea
family history of high blood pressure

104
Q

Another word for tactile fremitus

A

rhonchial fremitus

105
Q

Tactile fremitus is commonly caused by

A

gas flowing through thick secretions that are partially obstructing the large airways

106
Q

_______ ________ is often noted during inhalation and exhalation and may be clear after a strong cough

A

Tactile fremitus

107
Q

Described as flat or soft, HIGH in pitch and SHORT in duration, similar to the sound produced by knocking on a FULL barrel

A

Dull percussion note

108
Q

Described as very loud and LOW in pitch and LONG in duration, similar to sound produced by knocking on an EMPTY barrel

A

hyperresonant note

109
Q

Under normal conditions, _________ breath sounds are auscultated over most lung fields, both anteriorly and posteriorly

A

vesicular breath sounds

110
Q

Recommend terms for Abnormal Lung Sounds are:

A

fine crackles, medium crackles or coarse crackles, wheezes, bronchial breath sounds, stridor, pleural friction rub, diminished breath sounds, and whispering pectoriloquy

Cadiopulmonary Medicine (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions