Pulmonary Function Testing Ch.4 Flashcards
The volume of gas that normally moves into and out of the lungs in one quiet breath
Tidal volume
The volume of air that can be forcefully INSPIRED after a normal tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
The volume of air that can be forcefully EXHALED after normal tidal volume exhalation
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation
Residual volume (RV)
The volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration
Vital capacity
VC equation (3 parts)
VC= IRV +VT+ ERV
The volume of air that can be INHALED after a normal EXHALATION
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
IC equation (2 parts)
IC=VT+IRV
The lung volume at rest after a normal tidal volume exhalation
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
FRC equation (2 parts)
FRC= ERV+RV
The maximal amount of air in the lungs can accommodate
Total lung capacity (TLC)
TLC equation
TLC=VT+IRV+ERV+RV
Restrictive lung disorders examples
-Atelectasis- pneumothorax
-Consolidation- PNA
- Increased alveolar capillary membrane thickness- Pulmonary edema
Obstructive lung disorders examples
Cystic fibrosis
Bronchitis
Asthma
Bronchiatasis
Emphysema
FRC and TLC can be measured by one of the following
-Close-circuit helium dilution
-open circuit nitrogen washout test
- body plethysmography
Measures the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) that moves across the alveolar- capillary membrane
Pulmonary diffusion of carbon monoxide (DLCO)
The result of the pulmonary function studies are used to
- evaluate pulmonary causes of dyspnea
- differentiate between obstructive and restrictive pulmonary disorders
- assess severity of the pathophysiologic impairment
- follow the course of the disease
- evaluate the effectiveness of therapy
- assess the pt’s pre-operative status
Pulmonary function studies are commonly subdivided into the follow cate
increased lung rigidity, which in turn decreases lung compliance in ____________ ______ ___________
Restrictive lung disorders
Associated with pathologic conditions that alter the anatomic structures of the lung distal to the terminal bronchioles ______________ ______ volumes and capacities
Restrictive lung volumes and capacities
The percentage of TLC occupied by the RV
RV/TLC ratio x100
