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Cadiopulmonary Medicine > Assessment of Oxygen Ch.6 > Flashcards

Assessment of Oxygen Ch.6 Flashcards

1
Q

In a healthy individual, over _______% of the oxygen diffuses into ____________ capillary blood chemically combines with __________.

A

99%; pulmonary; hemoglobin

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2
Q

The normal hb value for men is

A

14 to 16 g/dL

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3
Q

The normal hb value for women is

A

12 to 15 g/ dL

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4
Q

The normaL hb for infants is

A

14 to 20 g/dL

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5
Q

Each gram of hb is capable of carrying about _______ of oxygen.

A

1.34 mL

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6
Q

an S- shaped curve on a nomogram that illustrates the percentage of hb that is saturated with oxygen related to oxygen at a specific oxygen partial pressure.

A

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

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7
Q

The steep portion of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve falls between

A

10 and 60 mm Hg

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8
Q

The upper flat portion falls between

A

70 and 100 mm Hg

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9
Q

The oxygen tension difference between the alveoli and arterial blood

A

Alveolar- arterial oxygen tension difference (P[A-a]O2)

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10
Q

Pulmonary shunting below 10% is considered

A

normal

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11
Q

Pulmonary shunting that is 10%- 20%

A

indicates a pulmonary abnormality

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12
Q

Pulmonary shunt that may be life threatening and POSSIBLE requiring cardiopulmonary support, is what percentage?

A

20%-30 %

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13
Q

Pulmonary shunting greater than 30%

A

Serious life threatening condition

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14
Q

Abnormally low arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) in the blood

A

Hypoxemia

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15
Q

Inadequate level of TISSUE oxygenation

A

Hypoxia

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16
Q

Nonvolatile acid and causes the pH to decrease

A

Lactic acid

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17
Q

Normal oxygenation

A

80-100

18
Q

Mild hypoxemia

A

60-80

19
Q

Moderate hypoxemia

A

40-60

20
Q

Severe hypoxemia

A

<40

21
Q

An INCREASED level of red blood cells

A

Polycythemia

22
Q

Inadequate oxygen at the tissue cell caused by low arterial oxygen tension (PaO2)

A

Hypoxic hypoxia (hypoxemic hypoxia)

23
Q

PaO2 is normal but the oxygen carrying capacity and thus the oxygen content of the BLOOD is inadequate

A

Anemic hypoxia

24
Q

Blood flow to the tissue cells is inadequate; therefore adequate oxygen is not available to meet the tissue

A

Circulatory hypoxia ( stagnant or hypoperfusion hypoxia)

25
Q

Impaired ability to the tissue cells to metabolize oxygen

A

Histotoxic hypoxia

26
Q

Common causes of hypoxic hypoxia

A

Low PAO2 caused by:
- Hypoventilation
- High altitude
- Diffusion impairment
- Intersitial fibrosis
- Interstial pulmonary edema

27
Q

Common causes of anemic hypoxia

A
  • Decreased hb concentration
  • Anemia
  • Hemmorrhage
  • Abnormal hb
  • Carboxyhb
  • Methemoglobin
28
Q

Common causes of CIRCULATORY hypoxia (3)

A
  • Hypotension
  • Slow flow or stagnant (pooling) or peripheral blood
  • Arterial- venous shunts
29
Q

Common causes of histotoxic hypoxemia

A

Cyanide poisoning

30
Q

Oxygen is carried in the blood in two ways

A
  1. Dissolved o2 in the blood plasma
  2. o2 bound to the hb
31
Q

CaO2: o2 content of arterial blood equation

A

CaO2=(Hb x 1.34 x SaO2) +( PaO2 x 0.003)

32
Q

CvO2: o2 content of venous blood equation

A

CvO2= (Hb x 1.34x SvO2) + (PvO2 x 0.003)

33
Q

CcO2: o2 content of pulmonary capillary blood equation (long)

A

CcO2= ( Hb x 1.34^3) + PAO2^4x 0.003

34
Q

Normally the SvO2 is about _____%

A

75%

35
Q

This Is the amount of oxygen consumed by the tissue cells divided by the total amount of oxygen delivered

A

Oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER)

36
Q

This is useful in determining the extent of lung diffusion defects (ARDS) also called oxygenation ratio

A

PaO2/FIO2 ratio

37
Q

On room air, the normal PaO2/ FIO2 ratio is between ______ and _____

A

350 and 450

38
Q

Known as oxygen uptake is the amount of oxygen consumed by the peripheral tissue cells during a 1- minute period

A

Oxygen consumption (VO2)

39
Q

The amount of o2 delivered to the peripheral tissue cells

A

Total oxygen delivery (DO2)

40
Q

Another name for oxyhb dissociation curve

A

oxyhb equilibrium curve

41
Q

Ideal alveolar gas equation

A

PAO2=[PB-PH2O]-FIO2-PaCO2(1.25)

Cadiopulmonary Medicine (24 decks)

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