Test 5 Ch. 26 Cancer of the Lung Flashcards
This is a general term that refers to abnormal new tissue growth characterized by the progressive, uncontrolled multiplication of cells
Cancer
A neoplasm or tumor is defined as an
abnormal growth of new cells
Do not endanger life unless they interfere w/ the normal functions of other organs or affect a vital organ
Benign tumors
Benign tumors grow ________ and push aside _______ tissue but do not ______ it.
slowly;
normal;
invade
Benign tumors are not
invasive or metastatic and are usually encapsulated
These tumors are composed of embryonic, primitive, or poorly differentiated cells
Malignant tumors
Malignant tumors grow in a
disorganized manner and so rapidly
What are associated with malignant tumor (3)
- necrosis
- ulceration
- cavity formation
MT also invade
surrounding tissues and may metasize
MT mostly originate in the epithelium of the
TB tree
A tumor that origanets in the bronchial tree is called
bronchogenic carcinoma
bronchogenic carcinoma is interchangeable with
lung cancer
Pathologic and structural changes associated w/ bronchogenic carcinoma (7)
- Inflammation, swelling, and destruction of the bronchial airways
- Excessive mucous production
- Airway obstruction
- Atelectasis
- Alveolar consolidation
- Cavity formation
- Pleural effusion
Lung cancer is the _________ most common cause of cancer in men and women
second
What is the most common cause of lung cancer?
Cigarette smoking
Lung cancer is the ___________ cause of cancer death
leading
Who gets it more black men or white men?
Black men
Who gets it more often in women?
White women
Heavy smokers are how much likely to develop lung cancer
64 times
About how much % of lung cancer deaths are thought to be caused by smoking?
80%
What is the second leading cause of lung cause
Radon exposure
This is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is produced from the breakdown of of uranium in the soil and rocks
Radon
________ radon is not likely to be dangerous, however, __________ radon can be more concentrated and therefore risks the chances of lung cancer
Outdoor;
Indoor
Other cancer-causing agents
- Asbestos
- Radioactive ores
- Inhaled chemicals or minerals
- Disease exhaust
- Air pollution
- Arsenic in drinking water
- Radiation therapy to the lungs
- Personal or family history of lung cancer
Bronchogenic carcinomas can be divided into two major categories
- non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)
- small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC)
The NSCLC can be subdivided into 3 types of lung cancer (SAL)
- squamous cell carcinoma
- adenocarcinoma (including bronchial alveolar cell carcinoma)
- large cell carcinoma
The SCLC category is composed of (3) (SCM)
- small cell carcinoma (oat cell carcinoma)
- combined small cell carcinoma
- a mixture of SCLC and NSCLC
Which cancer group spreads aggressively and responds best to chemo and radiation therapy
SCLC
SCLC occurs almost exclusively in __________ and accounts for ___% to ___% of all lung cancers
smokers;
10% to 20%
This cancer group is more common and accounts for 75% to 85%
NSCLC
How is NSCLC treated?
Removed surgically
This constitutes about 25% to 30% of bronchogenic carcinoma
Squamous cell (epidermoid) carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma tumor has a slow growth and
late metazoic tendency
Squamous tends to be __________ and tend not to ___________ until _____ in the disease process
localized;
metastasize;
late
squamous cell carcinoma can be treated w/ ___________ ___________ if it has not metasized
surgical resection
this cancer arises from mucous glands of the TB tree
Adenocarcinoma (bronchial alveolar carcinoma)
Adenocarcinoma accounts for about
40% of all lung cancers
This is not associated w/ smoking and is the most common lung cancel in pts who have never smoked
Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma growth rate is
moderate and metazoic tendency is early
Adenocarcinoma secondary
cavity formation and pleural effusion are common