The Peritoneum & Upper Abdomen Viscera

Question 1

What structure is a thin, translucent, serous membrane?

Answer 1

Peritoneum

Question 2

The Peritoneum is split into two types what are they? What does each cover?

Answer 2

Parietal Peritoneum- Lines inner abdominal wall

Visceral peritoneum- covers organs

Question 3

________ organs are located behind the peritoneum

Answer 3

retroperitoneal

Question 4

T/F: Vessels tend to travel between the peritoneal layers within the mesenteries or retroperitoneal

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T/F: Even though the umbilical folds are located on the anterior wall, they are retroperitoneal in location.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

If mesentery becomes thickened and/ or envelops remnants of structures these are termed _____

Answer 6

folds

Question 7

The median, medial (2), and lateral (2) umbilical folds are just the parietal peritoneum that fold up around structures that are located in a _______ position

Answer 7

retroperitoneal

Question 8

All visceral & parietal peritoneal membranes form what structure?

Answer 8

Peritoneal sac

Question 9

A potential space within the peritoneal sac, that becomes an actual space is termed what?

Answer 9

Peritoneal cavity

Question 10

T/F: There are large air pockets around our viscera

Answer 10

False, viscera press up against each other

Question 11

Any potential space can become filled with up to several liters of fluid. This fluid is termed what?

Answer 11

Ascites

Question 12

T/F: Ascites are only caused by serous fluid

Answer 12

False: Ascites can be any fluid including pus, blood, bile, etc

Question 13

Anchors of mesentery to the abdominal wall tend to form ______

Answer 13

ligaments

Question 14

The ______ foramen is a space, into the omental bursa

Answer 14

Omental

Question 15

The ______ sac surrounds the entire anterior portion of the viscera

Answer 15

Greater

Question 16

What structure attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach and transverse colon, and drapes over the small intestines like an ‘apron’?

Answer 16

Greater Omentum

Question 17

The Greater Omentum attaches to the ______ curvature and ______ colon

Answer 17

Greater

Transverse

Question 18

The Greater Omentum is a continuation of the ______ peritoneum of the stomach

Answer 18

visceral

Question 19

The gastrocolic ligament has how many layers of peritoneum?

Answer 19

4

Question 20

What structure can functionally wall off infections & inflammation sites in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 20

Greater Omentum

Question 21

Because the greater omentum is mobile and thin, any infection or inflammation can result in the production of _______

Answer 21

Adhesions

Question 22

Anything that creates an adhesion will _____ mobility

Answer 22

restrict

Question 23

T/F: The Greater Omentum is a place where lots of fat is stored

Answer 23

True

Question 24

The lesser omentum is located on the ______ side of the stomach

Answer 24

posterior

Question 25

The lesser omentum attaches to the _____ curvature of the stomach, and the _______

Answer 25

lesser | duodenum

Question 26

The _________ ligament connects the liver to the stomach

Answer 26

Hepatogastric

Question 27

The _______ ligament connects the liver to the duodenum

Answer 27

Hepatoduodenal

Question 28

The portal triad is contained in what ligament?

Answer 28

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 29

The portal triad is composed of what structures?

Answer 29

Hepatic a, Portal v & bile duct

Question 30

The lesser omentum is made up of what two ligaments?

Answer 30

Hepatoduodenal & Hepatogastric

Question 31

The right margin of the Hepatoduodenal ligament contains what foramen?

Answer 31

Omental foramen

Question 32

The double layer that acts as an anchor for most of the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is called what?

Answer 32

Mesentery Proper

Question 33

The mesentery proper anchors what structure to the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 33

Small intestine

Question 34

This double fold acts as an anchor to the small intestine and runs in a diagonal direction from the duodenojejunal jxn. to the ileocecal jxn.

Answer 34

Mesentery Proper

Question 35

The Duodenum is anchored to the posterior wall by what structure?

Answer 35

Suspensory Ligament of Treitz

Question 36

The Suspensory Ligament of Treitz does what two things?

Answer 36

Creates a flexure at Duodenojejunal jxn Anchors Duodenum to separate activity of gastroduodenal piece from ileum and jejunum Prevents sagging

Question 37

What structure anchors portions of the colon to the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 37

Mesocolon

Question 38

What portions of the colon are anchored to the posterior wall?

Answer 38

Transverse colon | Sigmoid colon

Question 39

What structure anchors the Transverse colon to the posterior wall?

Answer 39

Transverse mesocolon

Question 40

What structure anchors the Sigmoid colon to the posterior wall?

Answer 40

Sigmoid mesocolon

Question 41

T/F: The Ascending and Descending colon have no mesentery associated with them.

Answer 41

True. They are attached directly to the posterior wall

Question 42

What structure divides the liver into R&L lobes?

Answer 42

Falciform ligament

Question 43

The Falciform ligament anchos the ______ to diaphragm & anterior body wall

Answer 43

liver

Question 44

T/F: The rectum is fully covered with peritoneum

Answer 44

False, it is only partially covered

Question 45

The most inferior extent of the falciform ligament is called what?

Answer 45

Round ligament of the liver

Question 46

The round ligament is the obliterated remnant of the ______ ______.

Answer 46

umbilical vein

Question 47

The reflections of peritoneum around the bare area of the liver are called what?

Answer 47

Coronary ligaments

Question 48

The coronary ligaments (anterior and posterior) attach the liver to the inferior surface of the ________

Answer 48

diaphragm

Question 49

The bare area of the liver is located in the _____ _____ surface of the liver

Answer 49

upper posterior

Question 50

What two pouches are potential spaces in standing patients and actual spaces in recumbent patients?

Answer 50

Hepatorenal pouch | Rectovesical or Rectouterine pouch

Question 51

T/F: In standing patients you can have spillage from the pelvic brim of the Rectovesical pouch into the Hepatorenal pouch

Answer 51

False, this can occur but only in recumbent patients

Question 52

The Hepatorenal Pouch or pouch of ______, is bounded by the _____, ____ _____, _____ & ______

Answer 52

``` Morrison liver right kidney colon duodenum ```

Question 53

T/F: When recumbent the Hepatorenal pouch is the lowest part of the peritoneal cavity

Answer 53

True, note that the right is deeper than the left

Question 54

T/F: Fluids in the Hepatorenal pouch may move down to the rectovesical/rectouterine pouch when reclining or sitting up.

Answer 54

True

Question 55

The Rectovesical pouch is the peritoneal pouch between the ____ and ____ _____ in males

Answer 55

rectum | urinary bladder

Question 56

Fluids in the Rectovesical pouch may move up to the hepatorenal pouch when in ________ position

Answer 56

Trendelenburg position

Question 57

T/F: In females, there are 3 pouches in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 57

True, Females have the Recto-uterine pouch, Vesico-uterine pouch, and Hepatorenal pouch

Question 58

The Recto-uterine pouch is the peritoneal pouch between the _____ and _____ in females

Answer 58

rectum | uterus

Question 59

The anterior pouch between the uterus and the urinary bladder is called what?

Answer 59

Vesico-uterine pouch

Question 60

What structures are considered glands and associated digestive organs?

Answer 60

Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Spleen

Question 61

This structure detoxifies chemical products & produces bile

Answer 61

Liver

Question 62

What structure stores bile for emulsification of fats?

Answer 62

Gallbladder

Question 63

What structure produces enzymes for digestion?

Answer 63

Pancreas

Question 64

What structure produces lymphocytes & filters blood?

Answer 64

Spleen

Question 65

The posterior surface of the liver is called the _____ _____

Answer 65

Visceral Liver

Question 66

The anterior surface of the liver is called the _______ liver

Answer 66

diaphragmatic

Question 67

The right and left hepatic ducts receive bile from what structures?

Answer 67

right and left lobes of the liver

Question 68

What duct receives the right and left hepatic ducts?

Answer 68

Common hepatic duct

Question 69

The common bile duct receives which ducts?

Answer 69

cystic & common hepatic ducts

Question 70

The common bile duct joins the main pancreatic duct to empty into the descending part of the ______ at the ____ _____ papilla

Answer 70

duodenum | major duodenal

Question 71

The ____ _____ papilla is where the accessory duodenal

Answer 71

minor duodenal

Question 72

The pancreas consists of what 5 structures?

Answer 72

Head, neck, body, tail, and uncinate process

Question 73

The pancreas is surrounded by the C-shaped duodenum on the _____ and spleen on the _____

Answer 73

right | left

Question 74

T/F: Enzymes drain from pancreas via 1 or 2 ducts

Answer 74

True

Question 75

The Spleen is located on the _____

Answer 75

left

Question 76

The diaphragmatic surface of the spleen contacts the diaphragm along which ribs?

Answer 76

9-11

Question 77

The _____ is the point of entry for neurovasculature and vasculature into the spleen

Answer 77

hilum

Question 78

What is the 1st major branch of the Abdominal Aorta?

Answer 78

Celiac Trunk

Question 79

The liver, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, pancreas & spleen are supplied by what branch of the Abdominal aorta

Answer 79

Celiac Trunk

Question 80

The Celiac Trunk has what 3 main branches?

Answer 80

Common hepatic L. Gastric Splenic aa.

Question 81

The right branch of the celiac trunck, that runs toward the liver and gall bladder is called what?

Answer 81

Common Hepatic a.

Question 82

The Common Hepatic A. has 2 terminal branches, what are they?

Answer 82

Proper hepatic a. | Gastroduodenal a.

Question 83

The superior branch of the common hepatic a. is what?

Answer 83

Proper hepatic a.

Question 84

This artery runs toward the liver & medial to bile duct, and splits into R & L hepatic aa

Answer 84

Proper hepatic a.

Question 85

The inferior branch of the common hepatic a. is what?

Answer 85

Gastroduodenal a.

Question 86

This artery sends superior pancreaticoduodenal aa. to pancreas/ duodenum

Answer 86

Gastroduodenal a.

Question 87

This artery sends the R. gastroepiploic a. to the greater curvature of the stomach

Answer 87

Gastroduodenal a.

Question 88

The superior branch of the Celiac Trunk is what?

Answer 88

Left Gastric a.

Question 89

What artery runs left toward the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 89

L. Gastric a

Question 90

What artery supplies the stomach & esophagus (via esophageal branches)?

Answer 90

L. Gastric a

Question 91

The left branch of the celiac trunk, that runs toward the spleen is what?

Answer 91

Splenic a.

Question 92

What artery supplies the pancreas & spleen?

Answer 92

Splenic a.

Question 93

The Splenic a. sends short _____ aa. & ____ ______ a. to supply the greater curvature of stomach

Answer 93

gastric | left gastroepiploic

Question 94

The cystic a. usually arises from ____ ____ a.

Answer 94

Right hepatic

Question 95

75% of the time the cystic a. runs ______ to common hepatic duct

Answer 95

posterior

Question 96

The cystic a. supplies the ____ & ___ ____

Answer 96

gallbladder | cystic duct

Question 97

The ____ ____ a. usually arises from proper hepatic a.

Answer 97

right gastric

Question 98

The right gastric a. usually arises from ___ _____ a.

Answer 98

proper hepatic

Question 99

The R. gastric a. supplies the ____ ____ of the stomach

Answer 99

lesser curvature