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SP15 Anatomy Exam 2 > Diaphragm, Kidneys & Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Diaphragm, Kidneys & Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ ____ is for the IVC, and is located at what vertebral level?

A

caval opening

T8

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2
Q

The _____ ____ is for the esophagus, and is located at what vertebral level?

A

Esophageal hiatus

T10

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3
Q

The _____ ___ is for the aorta, and is located at what vertebral level?

A

Aortic hiatus

T12

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4
Q

The superior surface of the diaphragm is supplied by vessels that remain in what cavity?

A

Thoracic

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5
Q

The inferior surface of the diaphragm is supplied by vessels that remain in what cavity?

A

abdominal

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6
Q

T/F: We have nerves that pass thru the diaphragm

A

True

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7
Q

The phrenic nn supply what structure?

A

diaphragm

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8
Q

The esophageal opening is the passageway for the ______ and the continuation of our _____ n

A

esophagus

vagus

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9
Q

The aortic hiatus is the passageway for the ____ ____, and what nerve structure?

A

descending aorta

sympathetic trunk

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10
Q

The phrenic n. originates at what vertebral levels?

A

C3-C5

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11
Q

T/F: The phrenic has motor and sensory components, but is predominately sensory

A

False: it does have both components but it is predominately motor

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12
Q

The ____ nerves supply the middle 2/3 of the diaphragm, then synapse with the _____ nn to innervate the lateral portion of the diaphragm

A

phrenic

intercostal

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13
Q

Paralysis of the phrenic n will affect what function of breathing?

A

inhalation/ inspiration

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14
Q

The contraction of the diaphragm allows ______, while the relaxation of the diaphragm allows _______

A

inhalation/ inspiration

exhalation/ expiration

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15
Q

A paralyzed hemidiaphragm cannot _____

A

contract (descend)

diaphragm will remain high in thorax, this is recognizable on radiographic chest films

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16
Q

T/F: If you have a hemidiaphragm paralysis, you will only see it on an expiratory film

A

False. You will only see it on an inspiratory film

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17
Q

Around the aortic hiatus there is the ____ ___ of the diaphragm which is longer and broader than the ___ ___ of the diaphragm

A

right crus

left crus

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18
Q

The crus attachments of the diaphragm continue all the way down to what vertebral level? Where do they start?

A

L3

T12

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19
Q

What ligaments make up the inferior border of the diaphragm?

A

1 median arcuate ligament
2 medial arcuate ligaments
2 lateral arcuate ligaments

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20
Q

The median arcuate ligament arches over what structure?

A

aorta

helps create aortic hiatus

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21
Q

The medial arcuate ligaments arch over what structures?

A

psoas mm.

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22
Q

The lateral arcuate ligaments arch over what structures?

A

Quadratus lumborum mm

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23
Q

What arteries supply the superior surface of the Diaphragm via the internal thoracic a. & thoracic aorta?

A

Pericardiacophrenic and superior phrenic aa

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24
Q

The pericardiacophrenic and superior phrenic aa supply the _____ surface of the diaphragm via the ____ ____ a & _____ _____

A

superior
internal thoracic a
Thoracic aorta

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25
What arteries supply the inferior surface of the diaphragm via the abdominal aorta?
Inferior phrenic aa
26
The Inferior phrenic aa supplies the _____ surface of the diaphragm via the ____ ____
inferior | abdominal aorta
27
What arteries supply the periphery of the diaphragm via the internal thoracic aa?
Musculophrenic aa
28
The Musculophrenic aa supply the _____ of the diaphragm via the ____ ____ aa.
periphery | internal thoracic
29
Venous drainage of the diaphragm is via vv accompanying aa of similar name, to what venous structure generally?
IVC
30
The superior epigastric vessels remain ____ to the muscular portion of the diaphragm
anterior
31
The kidneys are in a ______ position
retroperitoneal
32
The Kidneys are located ____ to vertebral body segments of what vertebrae?
lateral | T12-L3
33
T/F: The kidneys are located lateral to ribs 11 and 12
False: The kidneys are located lateral to vertebral columns T12-L3 and the superior pole of the L. Kidney is located at the 11th rib, while the superior pole of the R. Kidney is located at the 12th rib
34
The kidneys are encapsulated by ___ ____ & ___ ___
perirenal fat | renal fascia
35
The kidneys _____ from the ______ during development
ascend | pelvis
36
T/F: During a kidney transplant, the defective kidney is removed and a new kidney is placed in the void
False. During transplant the old kidney is not removed, the new kidney is placed in the lower abdomen
37
______ fat is located outside of the renal fascia; particularly on the posterior surface; while ____ fat is located within the renal fascia
Paranephric | Perinephric
38
At the hilum of the kidney, the renal vein is ____ to the renal artery
anterior
39
The pelvis of the ureter is _____ to the renal artery
posterior
40
The outer 1/3 of the kidney is called what?
Renal cortex
41
The inner 2/3 of the kidney is called what?
Renal medulla
42
The fibrous capsule is made up of what parts of the kidney?
Renal cortex | Renal medulla
43
T/F: The Renal cortex contains the Renal pyramids
False. The renal medulla contains the Renal pyramids
44
What structure receives the apex of the pyramids?
Renal papillae
45
The Renal papillae receive what structure?
apex of pyramid
46
What is the function of the kidney?
To filter blood Produce urine and regulate blood pressure (because of pulling water out of blood to produce urine)
47
The kidney is supplied by what vessels?
Renal vessels
48
The ____ renal artery is longer than the ____ renal artery
right | left
49
The ____ renal artery passes posterior to the IVC
right
50
The Renal veins drain to what?
IVC
51
The ____ renal vein is longer than the _____ renal vein
left | right
52
The ____ renal vein passes anterior to aorta
Left
53
The renal aa divide at the ___ of the kidney and become ____ aa
hilum | segmental
54
The _____ aa supply specific lobes of the kidney
segmental
55
Describe the drainage of urine through the kidney.
Urine is produced in nephron -> renal papillae-> minor calyces-> major calyces-> renal pelvis-> ureter -> urinary bladder -> urethra
56
The ureters cross ____ to the psoas major mm to enter bladder
anterior
57
The ureters cross anterior to the _____ ____ mm to enter bladder
psoas major
58
The ureters run obliquely ______ to the gonadal vessels
posterior
59
The ureters run obliquely posterior to the ___ ____
gonadal vessels
60
The ureters run ____ to the External iliac a
anterior
61
The ureters run anterior to what artery?
External iliac a
62
T/F: Ureter arteries arise from 3-4 sources
True
63
Retrocaval ureters pass posterior to what structures?
Either common or external iliac vessels
64
What 4 vessels are associated with the ureters?
Renal vessels Gonadal (Testicular or Ovarian) vessels Abdominal aorta or common iliac a internal iliac vessels (pelvic cavity)
65
Calculi are formed in the ____ & progress to the ____ ____
kidney | renal pelvis
66
Calculi referred pain is rhythmic and is referred with _____ of the stone
descent
67
T/F: the region of referred pain changes with the level of the calculi (obstruction)
True
68
Calculi referred pain moves _______ toward groin
inferoanteriorly
69
The ____ adrenal gland has a roughly triangular shape, while the ____ adrenal gland has a semilunar shape
right | left
70
The right adrenal gland lies ____ to the right kidney, and ____ to the IVC
superior | posterior
71
The left adrenal gland lies _____ to the left kidney near the hilum
superomedial
72
T/F: The adrenal gland has a fibrous capsule
True
73
The ____ ____ produces adrenal steroids
Adrenal cortex
74
The ____ ____ is the portion of the adrenal gland that acts as sympathetic ganglion
adrenal medulla
75
The ____ ____ produce epinephrine and norepinephrine and act as _____ cells
chromoffin cells | endocrine
76
What aa supply the adrenal gland?
suprarenal aa
77
What are the 3 branches of the suprarenal aa, and what are they branches of?
Superior suprarenal aa (branch of inferior phrenic a) Middle suprarenal aa (branch of abdominal aa) Inferior suprarenal aa (branch of renal aa)
78
What are the 6 muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?
``` Transversus abdominus m Quadratus lumborum m Psoas major m Illiacus m Psoas minor m Diaphragm ```
79
What is the arterial supply of the posterior wall?
Lumbar aa
80
There are ___ pairs of lumbar aa. and all are branches of the ____ ____
``` 4 abdominal aorta (superior to bifurcation) ```
81
The umbilicus is located at the ___ vertebral level, and is innervated by the spinal nerve of ___
L4 | T10
82
The lumbar plexus is made up of ___ rami, from __ - ___ vertebral levels
ventral | T12-L4
83
The lumbar plexus of nn. is located beneath fascia of ____ ____ mm.
posterior abdominal
84
The ____ n. passes medial to psoas mm
obturator
85
The _____ n. passes anterior after passing directly through the psoas mm.
Genitofemoral
86
The obturator n. passes ____ to the psoas mm
medial
87
The Genitofemoral n. passes ____ after passing through the ____ mm.
anterior | psoas
88
The iliohypogastric, ilio-inguinal, and lateral cutaneous nn. pass ____ to the psoas mm
lateral
89
The iliohypogastric, ilio-inguinal, and lateral cutaneous nn. pass lateral to the ____ mm
psoas
90
The _____ n is located about 1 cm inferior to the 12th rib
subcostal
91
What vertebral level does the subcostal n originate from?
T12
92
What nerve supplies sensory information to anterior/ lateral abdominal wall, and motor to abdominal mm (EO, IO, TA, pyramidal is, RA, QL)?
Subcostal n
93
The subcostal n supplies sensory innervation to what area(s)?
anterior/ lateral abdominal wall
94
The subcostal n supples motor innervation to what mm?
Abdominal mm. | (EO, IO, TA, Pyrimidalis, RA, QL
95
There is a portion of the subcostal n that extends over the ____ hip
lateral
96
What two nevers descend anterior to Quadratus Laborum?
Ilio-hypogastric | Ilio-inguinal
97
The ____ n. supplies the skin of the suprapubic region and supplies abdominal mm
Iliohypogastric
98
The _____ n. runs through the inguinal canal (and supplies it) and supplies abdominal mm.
Ilioinguinal
99
The ______ n. originates from vertebral level (L1-L2) and splits to a femoral branch and a genital branch
Genitofemoral n
100
At what vertebral level does the Iliohypogastric & Ilioinguinal n originate?
L1
101
What nerve supplies the skin inferior & medial to the inguinal ligament, and the cremaster m?
Genitofemoral
102
The Genitofemoral n. supplies what?
skin inferior & medial to inguinal ligament, and the cremaster m
103
The ______ n branches into a lateral femoral branch and an medial genital branch
Genitofemoral
104
The _____ nerve pierces psoas major m and descends along its anterior surface
Genitofemoral
105
The lateral cutaneous n. originates at the ____ vertebral level and descends ____ to the iliac us m.
L2-L3 | anterior
106
T/F: The Lateral Femoral Cutaneous n passes superficial to the inguinal ring
False it passes deep to it
107
The ______ n. supplies the anterior/ lateral skin of the thigh
Lateral femoral cutaneous
108
The femoral n. originates at what vertebral level(s)?
L2-L4
109
The femoral n runs between the _____ & ___ ____ mm
iliacus | psoas major
110
The femoral n supplies sensory and motor to ____ ____
anterior thigh
111
The obturator n originates at what vertebral level(s)?
L2-L4
112
The obturator n. runs ____ to psoas major mm
medial
113
The obturator n supplies sensory and motor to ___ ____
medial thigh
114
The scrotum is supplied by what nerve?
ilio-inguinal
115
The Lumbosacral Trunk originates at what vertebral level?
L4-L5
116
The Lumbosacral Trunk crosses over the ____ of the sacrum
ala
117
T/F: The Lumbosacral Trunk does not contribute to the sacral plexus
False. The Lumbosacral Trunk provides general contributions to both the lumbar and sacral plexuses

SP15 Anatomy Exam 2 (8 decks)

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