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SP15 Anatomy Exam 2 > Diaphragm, Kidneys & Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Diaphragm, Kidneys & Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ ____ is for the IVC, and is located at what vertebral level?

A

caval opening

T8

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2
Q

The _____ ____ is for the esophagus, and is located at what vertebral level?

A

Esophageal hiatus

T10

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3
Q

The _____ ___ is for the aorta, and is located at what vertebral level?

A

Aortic hiatus

T12

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4
Q

The superior surface of the diaphragm is supplied by vessels that remain in what cavity?

A

Thoracic

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5
Q

The inferior surface of the diaphragm is supplied by vessels that remain in what cavity?

A

abdominal

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6
Q

T/F: We have nerves that pass thru the diaphragm

A

True

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7
Q

The phrenic nn supply what structure?

A

diaphragm

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8
Q

The esophageal opening is the passageway for the ______ and the continuation of our _____ n

A

esophagus

vagus

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9
Q

The aortic hiatus is the passageway for the ____ ____, and what nerve structure?

A

descending aorta

sympathetic trunk

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10
Q

The phrenic n. originates at what vertebral levels?

A

C3-C5

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11
Q

T/F: The phrenic has motor and sensory components, but is predominately sensory

A

False: it does have both components but it is predominately motor

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12
Q

The ____ nerves supply the middle 2/3 of the diaphragm, then synapse with the _____ nn to innervate the lateral portion of the diaphragm

A

phrenic

intercostal

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13
Q

Paralysis of the phrenic n will affect what function of breathing?

A

inhalation/ inspiration

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14
Q

The contraction of the diaphragm allows ______, while the relaxation of the diaphragm allows _______

A

inhalation/ inspiration

exhalation/ expiration

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15
Q

A paralyzed hemidiaphragm cannot _____

A

contract (descend)

diaphragm will remain high in thorax, this is recognizable on radiographic chest films

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16
Q

T/F: If you have a hemidiaphragm paralysis, you will only see it on an expiratory film

A

False. You will only see it on an inspiratory film

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17
Q

Around the aortic hiatus there is the ____ ___ of the diaphragm which is longer and broader than the ___ ___ of the diaphragm

A

right crus

left crus

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18
Q

The crus attachments of the diaphragm continue all the way down to what vertebral level? Where do they start?

A

L3

T12

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19
Q

What ligaments make up the inferior border of the diaphragm?

A

1 median arcuate ligament
2 medial arcuate ligaments
2 lateral arcuate ligaments

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20
Q

The median arcuate ligament arches over what structure?

A

aorta

helps create aortic hiatus

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21
Q

The medial arcuate ligaments arch over what structures?

A

psoas mm.

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22
Q

The lateral arcuate ligaments arch over what structures?

A

Quadratus lumborum mm

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23
Q

What arteries supply the superior surface of the Diaphragm via the internal thoracic a. & thoracic aorta?

A

Pericardiacophrenic and superior phrenic aa

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24
Q

The pericardiacophrenic and superior phrenic aa supply the _____ surface of the diaphragm via the ____ ____ a & _____ _____

A

superior
internal thoracic a
Thoracic aorta

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25
Q

What arteries supply the inferior surface of the diaphragm via the abdominal aorta?

A

Inferior phrenic aa

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26
Q

The Inferior phrenic aa supplies the _____ surface of the diaphragm via the ____ ____

A

inferior

abdominal aorta

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27
Q

What arteries supply the periphery of the diaphragm via the internal thoracic aa?

A

Musculophrenic aa

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28
Q

The Musculophrenic aa supply the _____ of the diaphragm via the ____ ____ aa.

A

periphery

internal thoracic

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29
Q

Venous drainage of the diaphragm is via vv accompanying aa of similar name, to what venous structure generally?

A

IVC

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30
Q

The superior epigastric vessels remain ____ to the muscular portion of the diaphragm

A

anterior

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31
Q

The kidneys are in a ______ position

A

retroperitoneal

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32
Q

The Kidneys are located ____ to vertebral body segments of what vertebrae?

A

lateral

T12-L3

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33
Q

T/F: The kidneys are located lateral to ribs 11 and 12

A

False: The kidneys are located lateral to vertebral columns T12-L3 and the superior pole of the L. Kidney is located at the 11th rib, while the superior pole of the R. Kidney is located at the 12th rib

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34
Q

The kidneys are encapsulated by ___ ____ & ___ ___

A

perirenal fat

renal fascia

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35
Q

The kidneys _____ from the ______ during development

A

ascend

pelvis

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36
Q

T/F: During a kidney transplant, the defective kidney is removed and a new kidney is placed in the void

A

False. During transplant the old kidney is not removed, the new kidney is placed in the lower abdomen

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37
Q

______ fat is located outside of the renal fascia; particularly on the posterior surface; while ____ fat is located within the renal fascia

A

Paranephric

Perinephric

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38
Q

At the hilum of the kidney, the renal vein is ____ to the renal artery

A

anterior

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39
Q

The pelvis of the ureter is _____ to the renal artery

A

posterior

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40
Q

The outer 1/3 of the kidney is called what?

A

Renal cortex

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41
Q

The inner 2/3 of the kidney is called what?

A

Renal medulla

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42
Q

The fibrous capsule is made up of what parts of the kidney?

A

Renal cortex

Renal medulla

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43
Q

T/F: The Renal cortex contains the Renal pyramids

A

False. The renal medulla contains the Renal pyramids

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44
Q

What structure receives the apex of the pyramids?

A

Renal papillae

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45
Q

The Renal papillae receive what structure?

A

apex of pyramid

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46
Q

What is the function of the kidney?

A

To filter blood
Produce urine
and regulate blood pressure (because of pulling water out of blood to produce urine)

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47
Q

The kidney is supplied by what vessels?

A

Renal vessels

48
Q

The ____ renal artery is longer than the ____ renal artery

A

right

left

49
Q

The ____ renal artery passes posterior to the IVC

A

right

50
Q

The Renal veins drain to what?

A

IVC

51
Q

The ____ renal vein is longer than the _____ renal vein

A

left

right

52
Q

The ____ renal vein passes anterior to aorta

A

Left

53
Q

The renal aa divide at the ___ of the kidney and become ____ aa

A

hilum

segmental

54
Q

The _____ aa supply specific lobes of the kidney

A

segmental

55
Q

Describe the drainage of urine through the kidney.

A

Urine is produced in nephron -> renal papillae-> minor calyces-> major calyces-> renal pelvis-> ureter -> urinary bladder -> urethra

56
Q

The ureters cross ____ to the psoas major mm to enter bladder

A

anterior

57
Q

The ureters cross anterior to the _____ ____ mm to enter bladder

A

psoas major

58
Q

The ureters run obliquely ______ to the gonadal vessels

A

posterior

59
Q

The ureters run obliquely posterior to the ___ ____

A

gonadal vessels

60
Q

The ureters run ____ to the External iliac a

A

anterior

61
Q

The ureters run anterior to what artery?

A

External iliac a

62
Q

T/F: Ureter arteries arise from 3-4 sources

A

True

63
Q

Retrocaval ureters pass posterior to what structures?

A

Either common or external iliac vessels

64
Q

What 4 vessels are associated with the ureters?

A

Renal vessels
Gonadal (Testicular or Ovarian) vessels
Abdominal aorta or common iliac a
internal iliac vessels (pelvic cavity)

65
Q

Calculi are formed in the ____ & progress to the ____ ____

A

kidney

renal pelvis

66
Q

Calculi referred pain is rhythmic and is referred with _____ of the stone

A

descent

67
Q

T/F: the region of referred pain changes with the level of the calculi (obstruction)

A

True

68
Q

Calculi referred pain moves _______ toward groin

A

inferoanteriorly

69
Q

The ____ adrenal gland has a roughly triangular shape, while the ____ adrenal gland has a semilunar shape

A

right

left

70
Q

The right adrenal gland lies ____ to the right kidney, and ____ to the IVC

A

superior

posterior

71
Q

The left adrenal gland lies _____ to the left kidney near the hilum

A

superomedial

72
Q

T/F: The adrenal gland has a fibrous capsule

A

True

73
Q

The ____ ____ produces adrenal steroids

A

Adrenal cortex

74
Q

The ____ ____ is the portion of the adrenal gland that acts as sympathetic ganglion

A

adrenal medulla

75
Q

The ____ ____ produce epinephrine and norepinephrine and act as _____ cells

A

chromoffin cells

endocrine

76
Q

What aa supply the adrenal gland?

A

suprarenal aa

77
Q

What are the 3 branches of the suprarenal aa, and what are they branches of?

A

Superior suprarenal aa (branch of inferior phrenic a)
Middle suprarenal aa (branch of abdominal aa)
Inferior suprarenal aa (branch of renal aa)

78
Q

What are the 6 muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

A 
Transversus abdominus m
Quadratus lumborum m
Psoas major m
Illiacus m
Psoas minor m
Diaphragm
79
Q

What is the arterial supply of the posterior wall?

A

Lumbar aa

80
Q

There are ___ pairs of lumbar aa. and all are branches of the ____ ____

A 
4
abdominal aorta (superior to bifurcation)
81
Q

The umbilicus is located at the ___ vertebral level, and is innervated by the spinal nerve of ___

A

L4

T10

82
Q

The lumbar plexus is made up of ___ rami, from __ - ___ vertebral levels

A

ventral

T12-L4

83
Q

The lumbar plexus of nn. is located beneath fascia of ____ ____ mm.

A

posterior abdominal

84
Q

The ____ n. passes medial to psoas mm

A

obturator

85
Q

The _____ n. passes anterior after passing directly through the psoas mm.

A

Genitofemoral

86
Q

The obturator n. passes ____ to the psoas mm

A

medial

87
Q

The Genitofemoral n. passes ____ after passing through the ____ mm.

A

anterior

psoas

88
Q

The iliohypogastric, ilio-inguinal, and lateral cutaneous nn. pass ____ to the psoas mm

A

lateral

89
Q

The iliohypogastric, ilio-inguinal, and lateral cutaneous nn. pass lateral to the ____ mm

A

psoas

90
Q

The _____ n is located about 1 cm inferior to the 12th rib

A

subcostal

91
Q

What vertebral level does the subcostal n originate from?

A

T12

92
Q

What nerve supplies sensory information to anterior/ lateral abdominal wall, and motor to abdominal mm (EO, IO, TA, pyramidal is, RA, QL)?

A

Subcostal n

93
Q

The subcostal n supplies sensory innervation to what area(s)?

A

anterior/ lateral abdominal wall

94
Q

The subcostal n supples motor innervation to what mm?

A

Abdominal mm.

(EO, IO, TA, Pyrimidalis, RA, QL

95
Q

There is a portion of the subcostal n that extends over the ____ hip

A

lateral

96
Q

What two nevers descend anterior to Quadratus Laborum?

A

Ilio-hypogastric

Ilio-inguinal

97
Q

The ____ n. supplies the skin of the suprapubic region and supplies abdominal mm

A

Iliohypogastric

98
Q

The _____ n. runs through the inguinal canal (and supplies it) and supplies abdominal mm.

A

Ilioinguinal

99
Q

The ______ n. originates from vertebral level (L1-L2) and splits to a femoral branch and a genital branch

A

Genitofemoral n

100
Q

At what vertebral level does the Iliohypogastric & Ilioinguinal n originate?

A

L1

101
Q

What nerve supplies the skin inferior & medial to the inguinal ligament, and the cremaster m?

A

Genitofemoral

102
Q

The Genitofemoral n. supplies what?

A

skin inferior & medial to inguinal ligament, and the cremaster m

103
Q

The ______ n branches into a lateral femoral branch and an medial genital branch

A

Genitofemoral

104
Q

The _____ nerve pierces psoas major m and descends along its anterior surface

A

Genitofemoral

105
Q

The lateral cutaneous n. originates at the ____ vertebral level and descends ____ to the iliac us m.

A

L2-L3

anterior

106
Q

T/F: The Lateral Femoral Cutaneous n passes superficial to the inguinal ring

A

False it passes deep to it

107
Q

The ______ n. supplies the anterior/ lateral skin of the thigh

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous

108
Q

The femoral n. originates at what vertebral level(s)?

A

L2-L4

109
Q

The femoral n runs between the _____ & ___ ____ mm

A

iliacus

psoas major

110
Q

The femoral n supplies sensory and motor to ____ ____

A

anterior thigh

111
Q

The obturator n originates at what vertebral level(s)?

A

L2-L4

112
Q

The obturator n. runs ____ to psoas major mm

A

medial

113
Q

The obturator n supplies sensory and motor to ___ ____

A

medial thigh

114
Q

The scrotum is supplied by what nerve?

A

ilio-inguinal

115
Q

The Lumbosacral Trunk originates at what vertebral level?

A

L4-L5

116
Q

The Lumbosacral Trunk crosses over the ____ of the sacrum

A

ala

117
Q

T/F: The Lumbosacral Trunk does not contribute to the sacral plexus

A

False. The Lumbosacral Trunk provides general contributions to both the lumbar and sacral plexuses

SP15 Anatomy Exam 2 (8 decks)

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