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SP15 Anatomy Exam 2 > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main areas (cavities) of the body cavity?

A

Thoracic cavity (deep to ribcage and above diaphragm), abdominal cavity (from just below diaphragm to pelvic inlet), and pelvic cavity

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2
Q

T/F: Viscera will not span cavities (i.e. a visceral organ is only associated with one cavity)

A

False: Because the cavities are continuous viscera can span different cavities

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3
Q

When using surface structures to organize the the abdomen the body is divided into ________

A

quadrants

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4
Q

In quadrant organization the vertical line runs from the ______ _____ to the ______ _____, while the horizontal line runs through the ________

A

xyphoid process
pubic symphysis
umbilicus

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5
Q

When organizing the abdomen into 9 areas the vertical lines are located in ________ planes, and the horizontal lines are located at the ______ plane, and the _________ plane

A

midclavicular
subcostal
intertubercular (runs between two iliac tubercles)

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6
Q

In an anterior view, what are the layers of the abdominal wall from superficial to deep?

A

Skin-> Superficial fascia-fatty layer (campers fascia)-> Superficial fascia- membranous layer (scarpa’s fascia)-> External oblique m. -> Internal oblique m. -> Transversus abdominis m. -> Transversallis fascia-> Extraperitoneal fascia-> Parietal peritoneum

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7
Q

What peritoneum lines the inside of the abdominal wall?

A

Parietal peritoneum

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8
Q

External oblique muscle fibers run in what direction?

A

superolateral to inferomedial direction (direction of hands in our pockets)

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9
Q

The external oblique muscle fibers continue medially as what structure?

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique

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10
Q

Where does the external oblique aponeurosis insert medially?

A

Linea alba

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11
Q

The internal oblique muscle fibers run in what direction?

A

Perpendicular to external oblique fibers, run inferolaterally to superomedially

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12
Q

Where are the rectus abdominis mm. located?

A

At midline (your six-pack muscles)

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13
Q

What structure separates each rectus abdominus muscle from each other?

A

Tendinous intersection

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14
Q

Transversus abdominis muscle fibers run in the same direction as the ______ _______ m. fibers

A

internal oblique (inferolateral to superomedial)

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15
Q

External oblique m., internal oblique m., and transversus abdominis m. all have a midline aponeurosis that extends to what midline structure?

A

Linea alba

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16
Q

What nerves run on top of the transversus abdominis m.(in between the transversus abdominis m and internal oblique m)?

A

T7-T12
Illiohypogastric nerve (L1)
Illio-inguinal nerve (L1)

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17
Q

The Rectus Sheath envelops what two muscle groups?

A

Rectus abdominus mm

Pyramidalis mm

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18
Q

The Rectus Sheath consists of _____ & _____ layers

A

anterior

posterior

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19
Q

The anterior layers of the Rectus Sheath travel anteriorly to what structure?

A

rectus abdominus

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20
Q

The posterior layer of the Rectus Sheath travel posteriorly to what structure?

A

rectus abdominus

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21
Q

Where is the arcuate line located?

A

Its located about midway between the umbilicus & pubic symphysis on the posterior surface of the rectus abdominis m

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22
Q

The posterior wall of the Rectus Sheath lies ______ the arcuate line, while the transversalis fascia lies ______ it.

A

above

below

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23
Q

T/F: In the area superior to the arcuate line, all three layers of muscles (ext. oblique, int. oblique, and transversus abdominis mm.) pass anterior to rectus abdominis.

A

False. Below the arcuate line all layers pass anterior to rectus abdominis

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24
Q

What structure(s) form the anterior layer of the Rectus Sheath superior to the Arcuate line?

A

aponeurosis of External oblique and 1/2 of the aponeurosis of the Internal oblique

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25
Q

What structure(s) form the posterior layer of the Rectus Sheath superior to the Arcuate line?

A

1/2 of the aponeurosis of the internal oblique
aponeurosis of transversus abdominis
transversalis fascia

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26
Q

What structure(s) form the anterior layer of the Rectus Sheath inferior to the Arcuate line?

A

Aponeuroses of Ext. oblique, Int. oblique, and Transversus Abdominis

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27
Q

What structure(s) form the posterior layer of the Rectus Sheath inferior to the Arcuate line?

A

Transversalis Fascia

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28
Q

What are the 3 types of infra umbilical peritoneal folds?

A

Median umbilical fold
medial umbilical folds (2)
Lateral umbilical folds (2)

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29
Q

What fold(s) goes from the urinary bladder to umbilicus, and covers the median umbilical ligament?

A

median umbilical fold

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30
Q

What fold(s) cover the medial umbilical ligament(s) and occluded portions of umbilical aa.?

A

medial umbilical folds (2)

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31
Q

What fold(s) cover the inferior epigastric vessel(s)?

A

lateral umbilical folds (2)

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32
Q

Where do all the superficial vessels of the Anterior Abdominal wall run?

A

superficial fat & fascia

Campers Fascia

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33
Q

What two arteries are part of the superficial vessels of the Ant. abdominal wall?

A

Superficial Circumflex Iliac a.

Superficial Epigastric a.

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34
Q

The Superficial Circumflex Iliac a. supplies what area? What is it a branch of?

A

Supplies: region of inguinal ligament

Branch of Femoral a.

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35
Q

The Superficial Epigastric a. supplies what area? What is it a branch of?

A

Supplies: abdomen infr. to umbilicus

Branch of Femoral a.

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36
Q

What two veins are part of the superficial vessels of the Ant. Abdominal wall?

A

Superficial Circumflex Iliac v.

Superficial Epigastric v.

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37
Q

The Superficial Circumflex Iliac v. drains what region? What does it drain to?

A

Drains region of inguinal ligament

Drains to femoral v.

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38
Q

The Superficial Epigastric v. drains what region? What does it drain to?

A

Drains abdomen infr. to umbilicus

Drains to femoral v.

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39
Q

The Deep Circumflex Iliac vessels run between what structures?

A

Internal oblique m.

Transversus Abdominis m.

40
Q

What vessels supply the inferior lateral abdominal mm?

A

Deep Circumflex Iliac vessels

41
Q

The Deep Circumflex Iliac a. is a branch of what?

A

External Iliac a.

42
Q

The Deep circumflex Iliac v. drains to what?

A

External Iliac v.

43
Q

What is the femoral artery called before it passes thru the inguinal canal?

A

External iliac a

44
Q

The inferior epigastric a. is a branch off of what?

A

External iliac a

45
Q

The inferior epigastric v. drains to what?

A

External iliac v.

46
Q

These vessels supply lower rectus abdominis mm and anastomose with superior epigastric

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

47
Q

Where does the inferior epigastric vessels enter the posterior rectus sheath?

A

Arcuate line

48
Q

The superior epigastric a. is a branch off of what?

A 
Internal thoracic (mammary) a. 
(Note this artery travels down the posterior surface of the ribcage)
49
Q

These vessels supply upper rectus abdominis mm. and anastomose with inferior epigastric

A

superior epigastric vessels

50
Q

The superior epigastric v. drains to what?

A

internal thoracic v

51
Q

Where does the superior epigastric vessels enter the posterior rectus sheath?

A

lateral to sternum

52
Q

The musculophrenic a. is a branch of what?

A

Internal thoracic (mammary) a.

53
Q

The musculophrenic v. drains to what?

A

internal thoracic v.

54
Q

Musculophrenic vessels run along _____ ______

A

costal cartilages

55
Q

These vessels supply the upper abdominal mm. & diaphragm

A

Musculophrenic vessels

56
Q

The nerves that supply anterior abdominal walls are coming from _____ rami of ___ - ___ spinal nn.

A

ventral
T7
L1

57
Q

The ventral rami of what spinal nerve(s) supply the region above the umbilicus?

A

T7-T9

58
Q

The ventral rami of what spinal nerve(s) supply the umbilical region?

A

T10

59
Q

The ventral rami of what spinal nerve(s) supply the region below umbilicus

A

(T11, T12, L1)

60
Q

An injury in spinal nerves T11, T12, and L1 causes a weakness of mm. in what region?

A

inguinal

inferior portion of ant. abdominal wall

61
Q

The inferior lateral abdominal region is also known as the ____ region

A

inguinal

62
Q

The inguinal region is ____ to the thigh, _____ to the ilium, and ____ to the pubic bone

A

superior
medial
lateral

63
Q

The inguinal region area extends between the ____ and the ____ _____

A

ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)

pubic tubercle

64
Q

The inguinal region contains what structures?

A

Inguinal ligament, inguinal canal (male and female), superficial and deep rings of the inguinal canal, walls of the canal

65
Q

The inguinal ligament is formed by what?

A

The aponeurosis of the External Oblique m.

It is an infolding of the inferior border of the EO aponeurosis

66
Q

The inguinal canal is an obliquely set tunnel __ to __ cm long

A

3

5

67
Q

The inguinal canal runs ____ & ____ to inguinal ligament

A

parallel

superior

68
Q

In the male, the inguinal canal contains what structure(s)?

A

spermatic cord, its contents (vas deferens, testicular nn & vessels, cremasteric m & fascia), and the Ilioinguinal n.

69
Q

What spinal level is the ilioinguinal n. from?

A

L1

70
Q

In the male, the ilioinguinal n. runs on the ____ surface of the ____ _____

A

anterior

spermatic cord

71
Q

What nerve supplies the upper medial thigh and external genitalia?

A

Ilioinguinal n

72
Q

In the female, the inguinal canal contains what structure(s)?

A

Round ligament of uterus (corresponds to spermatic cord in males) and the ilioinguinal n.

73
Q

in the female the ilioinguinal n runs on the _____ surface of the _____ _____

A

anterior

round ligament

74
Q

The inguinal canal extends between what two structures?

A

Superficial ring

Deep ring

75
Q

The ______ ring is an obvious triangular opening lateral to pubic tubercle in the EO aponeurosis

A

superficial

76
Q

The _____ ring is a opening in transversalis fascia; a subtle piercing just lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

A

deep

77
Q

What are the anterior wall, posterior wall, roof, and floor borders of the inguinal canal?

A

Ant: EO aponeurosis
Post: transversalis fascia & conjoint tendon (fusion of IO, TA aponeuroses medially (inserts on pubic tubercle))
Roof: IO & TA muscles (superior)
Floor: inguinal ligament (inferior)

78
Q

What is a hernia?

A

An out pouching of abdominal viscera within a sac

79
Q

A hernial sac is composed of 3 layers what are they?

A

peritoneum, extra peritoneal fat & transversalis fascia

note: these layers are coming out and still surrounding the viscera coming out of ant. abdominal wall

80
Q

_____ inguinal hernias extend thru the entire inguinal canal

A

indirect

81
Q

A ____ inguinal hernia is the most common type of hernia (seen more in males than females)

A

indirect

82
Q

Usually indirect inguinal hernias come out _____ to inferior epigastric vessels

A

lateral

83
Q

The reason why indirect inguinal hernias are more common in males is termed what?

A

persistant processus vaginalis

84
Q

What is processus vaginalis?

A

Portion of parietal peritoneum carried down the testis as testis descends, if peritoneum is unable to fuse then it leaves an opening thru which viscera can enter

85
Q

What is persistent processus vaginalis called in females?

A

canal of Nuck

86
Q

_____ inguinal hernia occur thru inguinal triangle (or Hesselbach’s triangle)

A

direct

87
Q

The borders of Hesselbach’s triangle are what?

A

inferior epigastric a., rectus abdominus m. & inguinal ligament

88
Q

a direct inguinal hernia emerges thru ___ ____ by or at superficial ring

A

conjoint tendon

89
Q

Usually direct inguinal hernias come out _____ to inferior epigastric vessels

A

medial

90
Q

T/F direct inguinal hernias usually do not enter scrotum or labia majora

A

True

91
Q

T/F Direct inguinal hernias are usually more common in females than males

A

False; usually more common in males

92
Q

A ____ inguinal hernia are usually associated with weakened abdominal wall

A

direct

93
Q

Femoral hernias occur thru the ____ ring & canal

A

femoral

94
Q

T/F Femoral hernia are more common in females than males

A

True

95
Q

The most common type of hernia in woman are ____ inguinal hernias

A

indirect

96
Q

Umbilical hernias occur thru _____ ring

A

umbilical

97
Q

Epigastric hernias occur thru ____ ____

A

linea alba

SP15 Anatomy Exam 2 (8 decks)

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