The Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

Cognitive processes in the brain change autonomic events by acting on which structure?

Answer 1

Nucleus of solitary tract

Question 2

What are the three output pathways of the nucleus of solitary tract and their outputs?

Answer 2

To brain stem nuclei - autonomic output
To limbic system then hypothalamus - hormonal output
To hypothalamus (directly) - hormonal output

Question 3

What functions of the gut does the enteric NS control?

Answer 3

Absorption
Secretion
Contraction rate, intensity, velocity

Question 4

What is the main neurotransmitter in the enteric NS?

Answer 4

5-HT

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter and receptors are at the parasympathetic ganglion?

Answer 5

ACh and nAChRs

Question 6

Which neurotransmitter and receptors are at the sympathetic ganglion?

Answer 6

ACh and nAChRs

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter and receptors are at the parasympathetic target organ?

Answer 7

ACh and mAChRs

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter and receptors are at the sympathetic target organ?

Answer 8

NA and alpha/beta adrenoceptors

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter and receptors are at the NMJ?

Answer 9

ACh and nAChRs

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter and receptors are at the sympathetic synapse with the adrenal medulla?

Answer 10

ACh and nAChRs

Question 11

What is released by the adrenal medulla?

Answer 11

Adrenaline

Question 12

Which mAChRs are inhibitory and which are excitatory?

Answer 12

Muscarinic 1 - excitatory
Muscarinic 2 - inhibitory
Muscarinic 3 - excitatory

Question 13

Which adrenoceptors are inhibitory and which are excitatory?

Answer 13

Alpha 1 - excitatory
Alpha 2 - inhibitory
Beta 1 - excitatory
Beta 2 - inhibitory

Question 14

How many post-ganglionic neurons synapse with a parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neuron?

Answer 14

1

Question 15

How many post-ganglionic neurons synapse with a sympathetic pre-ganglionic neuron?

Answer 15

~20

Question 16

Which type of mAChR is an autoreceptor?

Answer 16

M2

Question 17

Where are M1 receptors found?

Answer 17

GI tract

Bladder

Question 18

Where are M2 receptors found?

Answer 18

Vagus nerve in heart

Question 19

Where are M3 receptors found?

Answer 19

Glands

Question 20

Which type of adrenoceptor is an autoreceptor?

Answer 20

Alpha2

Question 21

Where are alpha1 adrenoceptors found?

Answer 21

Blood vessels
GI tract
Bladder

Question 22

Where are alpha2 adrenoceptors found?

Answer 22

CNS

Question 23

Where are beta1 adrenoceptors found?

Answer 23

Heart

Question 24

Where are beta2 adrenoceptors found?

Answer 24

GI tract

Metabolic processes