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PHAR2005 > Analgesics > Flashcards

Analgesics Flashcards

1
Q

What sensitises C fibres in inflammation?

A

Prostaglandins

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2
Q

Which types of drugs block the synthesis of prostaglandins?

A

NSAIDS

Coxibs

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3
Q

Which type of drug is used to treat migraines and what is its action?

A

Triptans - block 5HT in periphery

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4
Q

Name a LA and its action

A

Lignocaine - blocks Na+ channels in nerve

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5
Q

Name two drugs to treat neuropathy and their actions

A

Carbemazepine - blocks Na+ channels in sensory afferents

Gabapentin - blocks Ca2+ channels in sensory afferents

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6
Q

Which NTs are released by C fibres?

A

Substance P

Glutamate

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7
Q

What type of receptor does substance P bind to and what is its effect?

A

NK1 receptors - slow dorsal horn neuron depolarisation

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8
Q

What type of receptor does glutamate bind to and what is its effect?

A

AMPARs and NMDARS - fast and slow dorsal horn neuron depolarisations

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9
Q

Which receptor type is activated in wind-up?

A

NMDARs

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10
Q

Name a drug used to prevent wind-up and its action

A

Ketamine - blocks NMDARs

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11
Q

What are the four types of opioid receptors and their endogenous ligands?

A

Mu - endorphins
Delta - enkephalins
Kappa - dynorphin
ORL-1 - nociceptin

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12
Q

Which type of opioid receptor is targeted by most drugs?

A

Mu

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13
Q

Which opioid receptor(s) open K+ channels?

A

Mu
Delta
ORL-1

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14
Q

Which opioid receptor(s) close Ca2+ channels?

A

Kappa

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15
Q

Name a competitive antagonist for mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors

A

Naloxone

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of opioid activity?

A

Presynaptic: opioid receptors on C and Adelta fibres - inhibit glutamate and peptide release
Postsynaptic: inhibition of postsynaptic neuron activity

17
Q

What are the side effects of opioids?

A 
Respiratory depression
Constipation
Nausea
Dependence - rare in patients
Anti-tussive
Anxiolysis

PHAR2005 (24 decks)

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