the parietal lobes Flashcards

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1
Q

identify the name of the border between the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe

A

central sulcus

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2
Q

identify the name of the border between the occipital lobe and the parietal lobe

A

parieto-occipital fissure

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3
Q

identify the name of the border between the temporal lobe and the parietal lobe

A

lateral sulcus

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4
Q

identify the two parts of the parietal lobe

A

1/ postcentral gyrus

2/ posterior parietal lobe

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5
Q

describe the postcentral gyrus

A
  • contains the central sulcus
  • contains postcentral sulcus
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6
Q

describe the posterior parietal lobe

A
  • behind postcentral gyrus
  • top part = superior parietal lobe
  • intraparietal lobe = separates the superior parietal lobe with the inferior parietal lobe
  • bottom part = inferior parietal lobe
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7
Q

identify major functional subdivisions of the parietal lobe

A
  • primary somatosensory cortex (S1)
  • posterior parietal cortex
  • Intraparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobule
  • Right inferior parietal lobule
  • Left anterior parietal lobule
  • Left posterior inferior parietal lobule
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8
Q

explain the function of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1)

A
  • main role = processing sensory information (touch, pain, perception of awareness, NOT thermal regulation)
  • input = from thalamus and motor cortex
  • output = motor cortex and posterior parietal cortex
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9
Q

outline Penfield and Boldrey (1937) study into the primary somatosensory cortex

A
  • inserted electrodes in somatosensory cortex of epileptic patients
  • stimulated different parts of the somatosensory cortex
  • recorded sensations reported by patients
  • led to somatotopic map
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10
Q

what has studying the somatosensory cortex led to research in?

A
  • learning more about brain reorganisation
  • especially after injuries
  • phantom limbs and phantom pain after amputation
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11
Q

describe what phantom limbs are

A
  • sensations in limbs that are no longer there
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12
Q

outline a study looking into functional reorganisation

(Kolasinski et al., 2016)

A
  • functional reorganisation of primary somatosensory cortex can occur within 24 hours
  • shown in Kolasinski et al. (2016)
  • stuck little finger and ring finger together
  • waited 24hrs and conducted fMRI
  • found that activity in little finger and ring finger overlapped in fMRI
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13
Q

explain the function of the Intraparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobule

A
  • main function = vision for action
  • is there an object that I can interact with?
  • where is body in relation to object?
  • anterior areas = main role in coding hand-centred (hand movement)
  • posterior areas = main role in coding vision-centred coordinate system
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14
Q

explain Bálint syndrom

A
  • an inability to visualise more than one object in the visual field at a time
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15
Q

explain optic ataxia

A

deficit in visually guided reaching movement (grasping)

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16
Q

explain oculomotor apraxia

A
  • looking straight at something
  • then something comes into peripheral field
  • difficulty going to that periphery
  • difficulty voluntarily shifting fixation to other objects
17
Q

explain simultanagnosia

A
  • impaired ability to perceive multiple items in visual display
  • not being able to see things as a whole
  • i.e.: can see trees but not a forest
18
Q

what pathway is there a problem with if people experience Balint Syndrome?

A

dorsal stream problem
(where/how pathway)

19
Q

what other cognitive functions might derive from the principles of the Intraparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobule?

A

visuospatial working memory
- link to representing location of objects, coding what is relevant

mental rotation/imagery
- link to manipulating objects

arithmetics
- link to moving eyes/hands to count
- spatial layout

20
Q

explain the function of the right inferior parietal lobule

A
  • detect noticeable events in the environment
  • and then shifting attention to noticeable event
21
Q

outline evidence from Singh-Curry & Husain (2009) on the role of the right inferior parietal lobule

A
  • suggests that detection and encoding from salient/novel events = bottom-up processing
  • role of RIPL = sustaining attention on current task goals whilst simultaneously encoding salient events
  • allows task-sets to be rapidly reconfigured to deal with new challenges
22
Q

what does lesions in the RIPL show?

A
  • lesions causes hemispatial neglect
  • reduced awareness of stimuli on one side of space, even though there may be no sensory loss.
23
Q

explain the function of the left anterior inferior parietal lobule

A
  • use objects in appropriate way
  • pantomime object use (miming object use)
24
Q

how did Reynaud et al. (2016) explain the role of the LAIPL?

A
  • suggested the role of the LAIPL was understanding tool-use actions
25
Q

what does lesions to the LAIPL lead to?

A
  • apraxia with possible impairments

apraxia impairments effects:
- imitation of gestures

  • communicative gestures
  • real tool use (might not use tool how it was intended)
26
Q

explain the function of the left posterior inferior parietal lobule

A
  • detect salient events in one’s thoughts
27
Q

outline what Seghier (2012) lists as what the LPIPL does

A

Semantic processing.

Reading and comprehension.

Default mode processing (mind wandering).

Number processing.

Memory retrieval.

Theory of mind.

28
Q

what does Cabeza et al. (2012) suggest about the LPIPL?

A
  • we have bottom-up attention to internally generated stimuli
  • RIPL relies on bottom-up processing information from environmental stimuli
29
Q

identify a difference in bottom-up processing between the LPIPL and the RIPL

A
  • bottom-up attention for internally generated stimuli
  • bottom-up attention for environmental stimuli