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SP17: Anatomy Test 2 > The Orbit and Eye > Flashcards

The Orbit and Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between the palpebral conjunctiva and the bulbar conjunctiva?

A

Palpebral conjunctiva: lines inner eyelid

Bulbar: lines surface of eye

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2
Q

What is the conjunctival sac?

A

Potential space between palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva

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3
Q

What is the difference between tarsal and ciliary glands?

A

Tarsal: sebaceous glands; increase viscosity of tears
Ciliary: associated with eyelashes; sebaceous and sweat glands

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4
Q

What are the seven bones that contribute to the orbit?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Maxilla
  4. Sphenoid
  5. Ethmoid
  6. Lacrimal
  7. Palatine
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5
Q

What are the three major foramina in the back of the orbit? What goes through them?

A
  1. Optic canal: CN II, ophthalmic artery
  2. Superior orbital fissure: CN III, IV, V1, VI, ophthalmic vein
  3. Inferior orbital fissure: Infraorbital and zygomatic nerve (V2 branches) and zygomatic artery
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6
Q

What are the two foramen found on the medial orbital wall and what do they transmit?

A
  1. Anterior ethmoidal foramen: anterior ethmoidal nerve (V1 branch) and artery
  2. Posterior ethmoidal foramen: post. ethmoidal nerve (V1 branch) and artery
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7
Q

What are the two superficial foramen on the upper and lower orbit and what do they transmit?

A
  1. Supraorbital notch/foramen: supraorbital nerve (V1) and artery
  2. Infraorbital foramen: infraorbital nerve (V2 branch) and artery
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8
Q

What major artery does the ophthalmic artery come from?

A

ICA

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9
Q

What artery does supraorbital artery branch from?

A

Ophthalmic artery

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10
Q

What artery does infraorbital artery branch from?

A

Maxillary artery

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11
Q

What are the three layers of the eye?

A
  1. Fibrous (outer)
  2. Vascular (middle)
  3. Inner
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12
Q

What is the white part of the eye called?

A

Sclera

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13
Q

What transparent component represents a very small part of the outer layer of the eye?

A

Cornea

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14
Q

What gives the eye color and controls pupil size?

A

Iris

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15
Q

What is the smooth muscle that is used for accommodation?

A

Ciliary body

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16
Q

What features are found in the inner eye?

A
  1. Retina: receives light
  2. Macula lutea: acuity
  3. Fovea centralis: most acute
  4. Optic disc: CN II exit point
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17
Q

What gland produces tears?

A

Lacrimal gland

18
Q

Describe the flow of tears.

A

Gland -> canaliculi -> sac -> nasolacrimal duct

19
Q

What is the function of the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Raise upper eyelid

20
Q

What is the function of the superior rectus?

A

Elevate and adduct the eye

21
Q

What is the function of the inferior rectus?

A

Depress and adduct the eye

22
Q

What is the function of the lateral rectus?

A

Abducts the eye

23
Q

What is the function of the medial rectus?

A

Adducts the eye

24
Q

What is the function of the superior oblique?

A

Depress and abducts the eye

25
What is the function of the inferior oblique?
elevates and abducts the eye
26
What muscles of the eye are innervated by CN III?
LPS, SR, MR, IR, IO
27
What nerve innervates superior oblique?
CN IV
28
What nerve innervates lateral rectus?
CN VI
29
What type of vision will be lost with optic nerve lesion?
Total blindness of affected eye
30
What type of vision will be lost with optic chiasm lesion?
Loss of peripheral vision
31
What type of vision crosses at the chiasm? (nasal or temporal)
Temporal
32
What cranial nerve sends parasympathetics to the ciliary ganglion?
CN III
33
What muscles does the ciliary ganglion supply?
Ciliary muscle and pupillary sphincter muscles
34
What are the three sources of fibers to the ciliary ganglion? What types of fibers?
1. CN V1: sensory fibers 2. CN III: presynaptic parasympathetics 3. Internal carotid plexus: postsynaptic sympathetics
35
What cranial nerves does the pupillary light reflex test?
CN II and III
36
What are the three divisions of CN V1 in the orbit? (NFL)
1. Nasociliary 2. Frontal 3. Lacrimal
37
What are the branches of the nasociliary nerve?
1. Ethmoidal nerves 2. Infratrochlear nerve 3. Long ciliary nerve
38
What are the branches of the frontal nerve?
1. Supra-orbital nerve | 2. Supratrochlear nerve
39
What artery gives rise to all arteries of the eye?
Ophthalmic artery
40
What does the central retinal vein drain into?
Carvernous sinus
41
What does the vorticose vein drain into?
Sup. and inf. ophthalmic veins

SP17: Anatomy Test 2 (13 decks)

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