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SP17: Anatomy Test 2 > The Orbit and Eye > Flashcards

The Orbit and Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between the palpebral conjunctiva and the bulbar conjunctiva?

A

Palpebral conjunctiva: lines inner eyelid

Bulbar: lines surface of eye

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2
Q

What is the conjunctival sac?

A

Potential space between palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva

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3
Q

What is the difference between tarsal and ciliary glands?

A

Tarsal: sebaceous glands; increase viscosity of tears
Ciliary: associated with eyelashes; sebaceous and sweat glands

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4
Q

What are the seven bones that contribute to the orbit?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Maxilla
  4. Sphenoid
  5. Ethmoid
  6. Lacrimal
  7. Palatine
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5
Q

What are the three major foramina in the back of the orbit? What goes through them?

A
  1. Optic canal: CN II, ophthalmic artery
  2. Superior orbital fissure: CN III, IV, V1, VI, ophthalmic vein
  3. Inferior orbital fissure: Infraorbital and zygomatic nerve (V2 branches) and zygomatic artery
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6
Q

What are the two foramen found on the medial orbital wall and what do they transmit?

A
  1. Anterior ethmoidal foramen: anterior ethmoidal nerve (V1 branch) and artery
  2. Posterior ethmoidal foramen: post. ethmoidal nerve (V1 branch) and artery
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7
Q

What are the two superficial foramen on the upper and lower orbit and what do they transmit?

A
  1. Supraorbital notch/foramen: supraorbital nerve (V1) and artery
  2. Infraorbital foramen: infraorbital nerve (V2 branch) and artery
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8
Q

What major artery does the ophthalmic artery come from?

A

ICA

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9
Q

What artery does supraorbital artery branch from?

A

Ophthalmic artery

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10
Q

What artery does infraorbital artery branch from?

A

Maxillary artery

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11
Q

What are the three layers of the eye?

A
  1. Fibrous (outer)
  2. Vascular (middle)
  3. Inner
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12
Q

What is the white part of the eye called?

A

Sclera

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13
Q

What transparent component represents a very small part of the outer layer of the eye?

A

Cornea

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14
Q

What gives the eye color and controls pupil size?

A

Iris

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15
Q

What is the smooth muscle that is used for accommodation?

A

Ciliary body

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16
Q

What features are found in the inner eye?

A
  1. Retina: receives light
  2. Macula lutea: acuity
  3. Fovea centralis: most acute
  4. Optic disc: CN II exit point
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17
Q

What gland produces tears?

A

Lacrimal gland

18
Q

Describe the flow of tears.

A

Gland -> canaliculi -> sac -> nasolacrimal duct

19
Q

What is the function of the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Raise upper eyelid

20
Q

What is the function of the superior rectus?

A

Elevate and adduct the eye

21
Q

What is the function of the inferior rectus?

A

Depress and adduct the eye

22
Q

What is the function of the lateral rectus?

A

Abducts the eye

23
Q

What is the function of the medial rectus?

A

Adducts the eye

24
Q

What is the function of the superior oblique?

A

Depress and abducts the eye

25
Q

What is the function of the inferior oblique?

A

elevates and abducts the eye

26
Q

What muscles of the eye are innervated by CN III?

A

LPS, SR, MR, IR, IO

27
Q

What nerve innervates superior oblique?

A

CN IV

28
Q

What nerve innervates lateral rectus?

A

CN VI

29
Q

What type of vision will be lost with optic nerve lesion?

A

Total blindness of affected eye

30
Q

What type of vision will be lost with optic chiasm lesion?

A

Loss of peripheral vision

31
Q

What type of vision crosses at the chiasm? (nasal or temporal)

A

Temporal

32
Q

What cranial nerve sends parasympathetics to the ciliary ganglion?

A

CN III

33
Q

What muscles does the ciliary ganglion supply?

A

Ciliary muscle and pupillary sphincter muscles

34
Q

What are the three sources of fibers to the ciliary ganglion? What types of fibers?

A
  1. CN V1: sensory fibers
  2. CN III: presynaptic parasympathetics
  3. Internal carotid plexus: postsynaptic sympathetics
35
Q

What cranial nerves does the pupillary light reflex test?

A

CN II and III

36
Q

What are the three divisions of CN V1 in the orbit? (NFL)

A
  1. Nasociliary
  2. Frontal
  3. Lacrimal
37
Q

What are the branches of the nasociliary nerve?

A
  1. Ethmoidal nerves
  2. Infratrochlear nerve
  3. Long ciliary nerve
38
Q

What are the branches of the frontal nerve?

A
  1. Supra-orbital nerve

2. Supratrochlear nerve

39
Q

What artery gives rise to all arteries of the eye?

A

Ophthalmic artery

40
Q

What does the central retinal vein drain into?

A

Carvernous sinus

41
Q

What does the vorticose vein drain into?

A

Sup. and inf. ophthalmic veins

SP17: Anatomy Test 2 (13 decks)

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