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SP17: Anatomy Test 2 > Skull, face and scalp > Flashcards

Skull, face and scalp Flashcards

1
Q

What bones form the neurocranium?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Temporal (2)
  3. Parietal (2)
  4. Occipital
  5. Ethmoid
  6. Sphenoid
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2
Q

What bones form the vescerocranium?

A
  1. Nasal (2)
  2. Maxilla (2)
  3. Zygomatic (2)
  4. Lacrimal (2)
  5. Inferior nasal conchae (2)
  6. Palatine (2)
  7. Vomer
  8. Mandible
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3
Q

What are the four sutures of the skull and where are they?

A
  1. Coronal: between frontal and parietal bones
  2. Sagittal: between 2 parietal bones
  3. Squamosal: between parietal and temporal
  4. Lambdoidal: between parietal/temporal and occipital
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4
Q

Which intersection of sutures is the most vulnerable?

A

Pterion: 4 bone intersection (frontal, temporal, parietal, sphenoid)

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5
Q

What are the boundaries of the orbit?

A 
Roof: frontal bone
Lat wall: zygomatic bone
Floor/med wall: maxilla
Med wall: lacrimal and ethmoid
Posterior: sphenoid
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6
Q

What lobes of the brain are found in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Temporal lobes

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7
Q

What is the major function of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Make the head lighter

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8
Q

What lines the paranasal sinuses?

A

Mucousal membranes

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9
Q

Name the four sets of paranasal sinuses?

A
  1. Frontal sinuses
  2. Ethmoid air cells
  3. Sphenoid sinuses
  4. maxillary sinuses
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10
Q

What is transmitted through the cribriform plate?

A

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

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11
Q

What is transmitted through the optic canal?

A
  1. Optic nerve (CN II)

2. Opthalmic artery

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12
Q

What goes through the superior orbital fissure?

A
  1. CN III
  2. CN IV
  3. CN VI
  4. Opthalmic nerve (V1)
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13
Q

What goes through the foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary nerve (V2)

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14
Q

What goes through foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular nerve (V3)

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15
Q

What goes through foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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16
Q

What goes across foramen lacerum?

A

Internal carotid artery (enters cranial vault)

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17
Q

What goes through the jugular foramen?

A
  1. CN IX
  2. CN X
  3. CN XI
  4. Internal jugular vein
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18
Q

What goes through the internal acoustic foramen?

A
  1. CN VII

2. CN VIII

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19
Q

What goes through the stylomastoid foramen?

A

CN VII

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20
Q

What goes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

CN XII

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21
Q

What goes through the foramen magnum?

A
  1. Vertebral arteries

2. Spinal cord

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22
Q

What goes through the carotid canal?

A

Internal carotid artery (enters the skull here)

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23
Q

What are the five layers of the scalp?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Connective tissue: cutaneous nerves and vasculature
  3. Aponeurosis: strong tendinous sheet; attachment for muscles
  4. Loose connective: sponge-like with negative space; allows movement
  5. Pericraneum: periostium of bone
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24
Q

What layer has the vessels and nerves for the scalp?

A

Connective tissue

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25
Q

Which layer is especially susceptible to the spread of infection?

A

Loose areolar tissue

26
Q

What is the function of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

A

Moves scalp back and forward

27
Q

What muscles move the ears?

A

Auricularis muscles

28
Q

T/F: There is no deep fascia of the face.

A

True

29
Q

What is the function of the frontalis muscle?

A

Raise eyebrows (surprise)

30
Q

What is the function of the corrugator supercilii muscle?

A

Draws eyebrow in (frowns)

31
Q

What is the function of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

Closes eye (winking)

32
Q

What are the muscles of the nasal region?

A
  1. Procerus muscle: wrinkles bridge of nose
  2. Nasalis: compresses and dilates nostril
  3. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi: dilates nostril
33
Q

What is the function of the orbicularis oris?

A

closes mouth

34
Q

What is the function of the levator labii superioris?

A

Elevates upper lip

35
Q

What is the function of the zygomaticus major/minor?

A

Draws mouth up

36
Q

What is the function of the depressor anguli oris?

A

Depresses angle of mouth

37
Q

What is the function of the depressor labii inferioris?

A

Depresses lower lip

38
Q

What is the function of the risorius muscle?

A

Retracts the corner of the mouth

39
Q

What is the function of the mentalis muscle?

A

Protrudes lower lip

40
Q

What are the deep muscles of the mouth?

A
  1. Buccinator: compress cheek
  2. Levator anguli oris: elevates angle of mouth
  3. Depressor labii inferioris: depress lower lip
41
Q

What is the function of the temporalis?

A

Elevates and retracts the mandible

42
Q

What is the function of the masseter?

A

Elevates and clenches mandible

43
Q

What is the function of the medial pterygoid?

A

Elevates, protracts, and rotates the mandible

44
Q

What is the function of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Protrudes and rotates mandible; opens mouth

45
Q

What nerve provides sensory to the face and anterior scalp?

A

CN V

46
Q

What provides sensory for the jaws, ears, and posterior scalp>

A

Cervical nerves (C2, C3)

47
Q

What provides motor for the muscles of facial expression?

A

CN VII

48
Q

What provides motor for the muscles of mastication?

A

CN V (V3)

49
Q

What are the branches of V1?

A
  1. Supraorbital: central forehead
  2. Supratrochlear: medial forehead
  3. Infratrochlear: upper nose
  4. External nasal: lower nose
  5. Lacrimal: lateral brow
50
Q

What are the branches of V2?

A
  1. Zygomaticotemporal: temple
  2. Zygomaticofacial: upper cheek
  3. Infraorbital: maxilla and upper lip
51
Q

What are the branches of V3?

A
  1. Auriculotemporal: ear and temple
  2. Buccal: lower cheek
  3. Mental: chin and lower lip
52
Q

What gland is Stenson’s duct associated with?

A

Parotid gland

53
Q

What muscle does the parotid duct pierce?

A

Buccinator

54
Q

What can be a major complication in removal of the parotid gland?

A

Facial nerve damage

55
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve as they exit the parotid gland? (People To Zanzibar By Motor Car)

A
  1. Posterior auricular
  2. Temporal
  3. Zygomatic
  4. Buccal
  5. Marginal Mandibular
  6. Cervical
56
Q

What is the most common cause of facial paralysis?

A

Bell’s Palsy

57
Q

What are the two nerves associated with the buccinator?

A
  1. CN VII (motor to muscle)

2. CN V3 (pierces muscle on way to mucosa and skin)

58
Q

What nerve and vein travel anterior to the ear with the auriculotemporal nerve?

A

Superficial temporal artery (from ECA) and vein (to retromandibular vein)

59
Q

What supplies vasculature for parotid gland, duct, and masseter?

A

Transverse facial artery and vein

60
Q

What does the facial artery turn in to at the medial eye?

A

Angular artery

61
Q

Where does lymph from the face ultimately drain?

A

Right lymphatic duct or thoracic duct

62
Q

What direction does lymph drain in the face?

A

Inferiorly, medial to lateral, and superficial to deep

SP17: Anatomy Test 2 (13 decks)

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