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SP17: Anatomy Test 2 > Skull, face and scalp > Flashcards

Skull, face and scalp Flashcards

1
Q

What bones form the neurocranium?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Temporal (2)
  3. Parietal (2)
  4. Occipital
  5. Ethmoid
  6. Sphenoid
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2
Q

What bones form the vescerocranium?

A
  1. Nasal (2)
  2. Maxilla (2)
  3. Zygomatic (2)
  4. Lacrimal (2)
  5. Inferior nasal conchae (2)
  6. Palatine (2)
  7. Vomer
  8. Mandible
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3
Q

What are the four sutures of the skull and where are they?

A
  1. Coronal: between frontal and parietal bones
  2. Sagittal: between 2 parietal bones
  3. Squamosal: between parietal and temporal
  4. Lambdoidal: between parietal/temporal and occipital
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4
Q

Which intersection of sutures is the most vulnerable?

A

Pterion: 4 bone intersection (frontal, temporal, parietal, sphenoid)

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5
Q

What are the boundaries of the orbit?

A 
Roof: frontal bone
Lat wall: zygomatic bone
Floor/med wall: maxilla
Med wall: lacrimal and ethmoid
Posterior: sphenoid
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6
Q

What lobes of the brain are found in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Temporal lobes

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7
Q

What is the major function of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Make the head lighter

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8
Q

What lines the paranasal sinuses?

A

Mucousal membranes

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9
Q

Name the four sets of paranasal sinuses?

A
  1. Frontal sinuses
  2. Ethmoid air cells
  3. Sphenoid sinuses
  4. maxillary sinuses
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10
Q

What is transmitted through the cribriform plate?

A

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

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11
Q

What is transmitted through the optic canal?

A
  1. Optic nerve (CN II)

2. Opthalmic artery

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12
Q

What goes through the superior orbital fissure?

A
  1. CN III
  2. CN IV
  3. CN VI
  4. Opthalmic nerve (V1)
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13
Q

What goes through the foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary nerve (V2)

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14
Q

What goes through foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular nerve (V3)

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15
Q

What goes through foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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16
Q

What goes across foramen lacerum?

A

Internal carotid artery (enters cranial vault)

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17
Q

What goes through the jugular foramen?

A
  1. CN IX
  2. CN X
  3. CN XI
  4. Internal jugular vein
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18
Q

What goes through the internal acoustic foramen?

A
  1. CN VII

2. CN VIII

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19
Q

What goes through the stylomastoid foramen?

A

CN VII

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20
Q

What goes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

CN XII

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21
Q

What goes through the foramen magnum?

A
  1. Vertebral arteries

2. Spinal cord

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22
Q

What goes through the carotid canal?

A

Internal carotid artery (enters the skull here)

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23
Q

What are the five layers of the scalp?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Connective tissue: cutaneous nerves and vasculature
  3. Aponeurosis: strong tendinous sheet; attachment for muscles
  4. Loose connective: sponge-like with negative space; allows movement
  5. Pericraneum: periostium of bone
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24
Q

What layer has the vessels and nerves for the scalp?

A

Connective tissue

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25
Which layer is especially susceptible to the spread of infection?
Loose areolar tissue
26
What is the function of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
Moves scalp back and forward
27
What muscles move the ears?
Auricularis muscles
28
T/F: There is no deep fascia of the face.
True
29
What is the function of the frontalis muscle?
Raise eyebrows (surprise)
30
What is the function of the corrugator supercilii muscle?
Draws eyebrow in (frowns)
31
What is the function of the orbicularis oculi muscle?
Closes eye (winking)
32
What are the muscles of the nasal region?
1. Procerus muscle: wrinkles bridge of nose 2. Nasalis: compresses and dilates nostril 3. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi: dilates nostril
33
What is the function of the orbicularis oris?
closes mouth
34
What is the function of the levator labii superioris?
Elevates upper lip
35
What is the function of the zygomaticus major/minor?
Draws mouth up
36
What is the function of the depressor anguli oris?
Depresses angle of mouth
37
What is the function of the depressor labii inferioris?
Depresses lower lip
38
What is the function of the risorius muscle?
Retracts the corner of the mouth
39
What is the function of the mentalis muscle?
Protrudes lower lip
40
What are the deep muscles of the mouth?
1. Buccinator: compress cheek 2. Levator anguli oris: elevates angle of mouth 3. Depressor labii inferioris: depress lower lip
41
What is the function of the temporalis?
Elevates and retracts the mandible
42
What is the function of the masseter?
Elevates and clenches mandible
43
What is the function of the medial pterygoid?
Elevates, protracts, and rotates the mandible
44
What is the function of the lateral pterygoid?
Protrudes and rotates mandible; opens mouth
45
What nerve provides sensory to the face and anterior scalp?
CN V
46
What provides sensory for the jaws, ears, and posterior scalp>
Cervical nerves (C2, C3)
47
What provides motor for the muscles of facial expression?
CN VII
48
What provides motor for the muscles of mastication?
CN V (V3)
49
What are the branches of V1?
1. Supraorbital: central forehead 2. Supratrochlear: medial forehead 3. Infratrochlear: upper nose 4. External nasal: lower nose 5. Lacrimal: lateral brow
50
What are the branches of V2?
1. Zygomaticotemporal: temple 2. Zygomaticofacial: upper cheek 3. Infraorbital: maxilla and upper lip
51
What are the branches of V3?
1. Auriculotemporal: ear and temple 2. Buccal: lower cheek 3. Mental: chin and lower lip
52
What gland is Stenson's duct associated with?
Parotid gland
53
What muscle does the parotid duct pierce?
Buccinator
54
What can be a major complication in removal of the parotid gland?
Facial nerve damage
55
What are the branches of the facial nerve as they exit the parotid gland? (People To Zanzibar By Motor Car)
1. Posterior auricular 2. Temporal 3. Zygomatic 4. Buccal 5. Marginal Mandibular 6. Cervical
56
What is the most common cause of facial paralysis?
Bell's Palsy
57
What are the two nerves associated with the buccinator?
1. CN VII (motor to muscle) | 2. CN V3 (pierces muscle on way to mucosa and skin)
58
What nerve and vein travel anterior to the ear with the auriculotemporal nerve?
Superficial temporal artery (from ECA) and vein (to retromandibular vein)
59
What supplies vasculature for parotid gland, duct, and masseter?
Transverse facial artery and vein
60
What does the facial artery turn in to at the medial eye?
Angular artery
61
Where does lymph from the face ultimately drain?
Right lymphatic duct or thoracic duct
62
What direction does lymph drain in the face?
Inferiorly, medial to lateral, and superficial to deep

SP17: Anatomy Test 2 (13 decks)

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