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SP17: Anatomy Test 2 > Anterior Cervical Triangle > Flashcards

Anterior Cervical Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the anterior cervical triangle?

A

Lateral: SCM
Superior: Mandible
Medial: midline of neck

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2
Q

What forms the superficial roof of the anterior cervical triangle?

A

Platysma and skin

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3
Q

What innervates the platysma muscle?

A

Cervical branch of CN VII

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4
Q

What are the four triangles found within the anterior cervical triangle?

A
  1. Submental
  2. Submandibular
  3. Muscular
  4. Carotid
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5
Q

What are the four suprahyoid bones? What is their function?

A
  1. Stylohyoid
  2. Digastric
  3. Mylohyoid
  4. Geniohyoid

*Elevate the hyoid bone

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6
Q

What is unique about the digastric muscle?

A

Has an anterior and posterior belly

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7
Q

What are the two actions of the digastric muscle?

A
  1. Mandible fixed: raises hyoid bone

2. Hyoid bone fixed: opens mouth

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8
Q

What nerve innervates the digastric muscle?

A
  1. Anterior belly: V3

2. Posterior belly: CN VII

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9
Q

What nerve innervates the stylohyoid muscle?

A

CN VII

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10
Q

What is the action of the mylohyoid muscle?

A
  1. supports and elevates floor of mouth

2. elevates the hyoid bone

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11
Q

What innervates the mylohyoid muscle?

A

V3

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12
Q

What is the action of the geniohyoid muscle?

A
  1. Mandible fixed: elevates and pulls hyoid forward

2. Hyoid fixed: pulls mandible down and in

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13
Q

What innervates the geniohyoid?

A

Anterior ramus of C1

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14
Q

What are the four infrahyoid muscles and what is their general action?

A
  1. Omohyoid
  2. Sternohyoid
  3. Thyrohyoid
  4. Sternothyroid
    * Depress the hyoid bone
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15
Q

What muscle depresses the hyoid bone after swallowing?

A

Sternohyoid

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16
Q

What innervates the sternohyoid?

A

ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

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17
Q

What is unique about the omohyoid muscle?

A

It has a superior and inferior belly

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18
Q

What is the action of the omohyoid muscle?

A

Depress and fix hyoid bone

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19
Q

What innervates the omohyoid bone?

A

Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

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20
Q

What is the action of the thyrohyoid muscle when the hyoid bone is fixed?

A

Raises the larynx

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21
Q

What innervates the thyrohyoid muscle?

A

Nerve to Thyrohyoid (C1) via hypoglossal nerve

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22
Q

What is the action of the sternothyroid muscle?

A

Draws larynx down

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23
Q

What innervates the sternothyroid muscle?

A

Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

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24
Q

What is the only infrahyoid muscle not innervated by the ansa cervicalis?

A

Thyrohyoid (C1 via hypoglossal)

25
What vein runs most medially through the anterior cervical triangle?
Anterior jugular vein
26
Where does the anterior jugular vein drain into?
subclavian vein
27
What vein connects the common facial vein with the anterior jugular vein?
Communicating branch
28
The retromandibular vein runs just anterior to the ear. What two superior veins combine to form it?
Superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein
29
What is formed inferiorly by the combination of the anterior division of retromandibular and the facial vein?
Common facial vein
30
What is formed by the combination of the posterior division of the retromandibular vein and the posterior auricular vien?
External jugular vein
31
What vein drains the majority of the face?
Facial vein
32
Where does the facial vein drain into?
Internal jugular vein
33
What two veins join to form the brachiocephalic vein?
Subclavian and internal jugular vein
34
T/F: The internal jugular can be found within the carotid sheath.
TRUE
35
Describe the path of venous drainage from the superficial face?
Facial vein -> common facial vein -> internal jugular vein -> brachiocephalic vein
36
What is the difference between the left and right carotid arteries?
Left: direct branch off aortic arch RIght: from brachiocephalic trunk
37
T/F/ The internal carotid has several complex branches in the neck.
FALSE no branches in the neck for ICA
38
What are the three anterior branches from the external carotid artery?
1. Superior thyroid 2. Lingual artery 3. Facial artery
39
What are the three posterior branches of the external carotid artery?
1. Ascending pharyngeal artery 2. Occipital artery 3. Posterior auricular
40
What does the external carotid artery terminate as superiorly?
Maxillary and superficial temporal artery
41
What does the superior thyroid artery supply?
Superior thyroid via superior laryngeal artery
42
What nerve innervates the superior thyroid?
internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
43
What does the lingual artery supply?
Deep muscles of tongue
44
What does the facial artery supply?
Facial muscles
45
What does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply?
Pharynx and tonsils
46
What does the occipital artery supply?
Neck, scalp, and SCM
47
What does the posterior auricular artery supply?
Scalp and posterior to ear
48
What are the contents of the carotid sheath?
Common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, carotid sinus, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve
49
What is the carotid sinus?
Contains receptors that monitor blood pressure changes
50
What nerve crosses the SCM transversly and supplies the skin overlying the anterior cervical triangle?
Transverse cervical nerve (C2-C3)
51
What are the borders of the submental triangle?
Inferior: hyoid bone Lateral: both anterior bellies of digastric muscles
52
What are the contents of the submental triangle?
1. Mylohyoid muscle | 2. Submental lymph nodes
53
What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?
Superior: Mandible Anterior: Anterior belly of digastric Posterior: posterior belly of digastric
54
What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?
1. submandibular gland 2. submandibular lymph nodes 3. CN VII (mandibular branch) 4. CN XII 5. Mylohyoid nerve (V3) 6. Facial artery and vein
55
What are the borders of the muscular triangle?
Superior: hyoid bone Lateral: superior belly of omohyoid and SCM Medial: midline of neck
56
What are the visceral contents of the muscular triangle?
1. Thyroid gland 2. Parathyroid glands 3. Trachea 4. Esophagus 5. Common carotid artery 6. Internal jugular vein
57
What are the borders of the carotid triangle?
Superior: stylohyoid and post belly of digastric Posterior: SCM Anteroinferior: sup belly of omohyoid
58
What nerves are found in the carotid triangle?
1. CN X 2. Laryngeal nerves 3. CN XI 4. CN XII 5. Ansa Cervicalis
59
What arteries are found in the carotid triangle?
1. Common Carotid 2. Internal carotid 3. External carotid 4. All ECA branches

SP17: Anatomy Test 2 (13 decks)

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