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SP17: Anatomy Test 2 > Anterior Cervical Triangle > Flashcards

Anterior Cervical Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the anterior cervical triangle?

A

Lateral: SCM
Superior: Mandible
Medial: midline of neck

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2
Q

What forms the superficial roof of the anterior cervical triangle?

A

Platysma and skin

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3
Q

What innervates the platysma muscle?

A

Cervical branch of CN VII

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4
Q

What are the four triangles found within the anterior cervical triangle?

A
  1. Submental
  2. Submandibular
  3. Muscular
  4. Carotid
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5
Q

What are the four suprahyoid bones? What is their function?

A
  1. Stylohyoid
  2. Digastric
  3. Mylohyoid
  4. Geniohyoid

*Elevate the hyoid bone

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6
Q

What is unique about the digastric muscle?

A

Has an anterior and posterior belly

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7
Q

What are the two actions of the digastric muscle?

A
  1. Mandible fixed: raises hyoid bone

2. Hyoid bone fixed: opens mouth

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8
Q

What nerve innervates the digastric muscle?

A
  1. Anterior belly: V3

2. Posterior belly: CN VII

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9
Q

What nerve innervates the stylohyoid muscle?

A

CN VII

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10
Q

What is the action of the mylohyoid muscle?

A
  1. supports and elevates floor of mouth

2. elevates the hyoid bone

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11
Q

What innervates the mylohyoid muscle?

A

V3

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12
Q

What is the action of the geniohyoid muscle?

A
  1. Mandible fixed: elevates and pulls hyoid forward

2. Hyoid fixed: pulls mandible down and in

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13
Q

What innervates the geniohyoid?

A

Anterior ramus of C1

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14
Q

What are the four infrahyoid muscles and what is their general action?

A
  1. Omohyoid
  2. Sternohyoid
  3. Thyrohyoid
  4. Sternothyroid
    * Depress the hyoid bone
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15
Q

What muscle depresses the hyoid bone after swallowing?

A

Sternohyoid

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16
Q

What innervates the sternohyoid?

A

ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

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17
Q

What is unique about the omohyoid muscle?

A

It has a superior and inferior belly

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18
Q

What is the action of the omohyoid muscle?

A

Depress and fix hyoid bone

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19
Q

What innervates the omohyoid bone?

A

Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

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20
Q

What is the action of the thyrohyoid muscle when the hyoid bone is fixed?

A

Raises the larynx

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21
Q

What innervates the thyrohyoid muscle?

A

Nerve to Thyrohyoid (C1) via hypoglossal nerve

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22
Q

What is the action of the sternothyroid muscle?

A

Draws larynx down

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23
Q

What innervates the sternothyroid muscle?

A

Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

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24
Q

What is the only infrahyoid muscle not innervated by the ansa cervicalis?

A

Thyrohyoid (C1 via hypoglossal)

25
Q

What vein runs most medially through the anterior cervical triangle?

A

Anterior jugular vein

26
Q

Where does the anterior jugular vein drain into?

A

subclavian vein

27
Q

What vein connects the common facial vein with the anterior jugular vein?

A

Communicating branch

28
Q

The retromandibular vein runs just anterior to the ear. What two superior veins combine to form it?

A

Superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein

29
Q

What is formed inferiorly by the combination of the anterior division of retromandibular and the facial vein?

A

Common facial vein

30
Q

What is formed by the combination of the posterior division of the retromandibular vein and the posterior auricular vien?

A

External jugular vein

31
Q

What vein drains the majority of the face?

A

Facial vein

32
Q

Where does the facial vein drain into?

A

Internal jugular vein

33
Q

What two veins join to form the brachiocephalic vein?

A

Subclavian and internal jugular vein

34
Q

T/F: The internal jugular can be found within the carotid sheath.

A

TRUE

35
Q

Describe the path of venous drainage from the superficial face?

A

Facial vein -> common facial vein -> internal jugular vein -> brachiocephalic vein

36
Q

What is the difference between the left and right carotid arteries?

A

Left: direct branch off aortic arch
RIght: from brachiocephalic trunk

37
Q

T/F/ The internal carotid has several complex branches in the neck.

A

FALSE

no branches in the neck for ICA

38
Q

What are the three anterior branches from the external carotid artery?

A
  1. Superior thyroid
  2. Lingual artery
  3. Facial artery
39
Q

What are the three posterior branches of the external carotid artery?

A
  1. Ascending pharyngeal artery
  2. Occipital artery
  3. Posterior auricular
40
Q

What does the external carotid artery terminate as superiorly?

A

Maxillary and superficial temporal artery

41
Q

What does the superior thyroid artery supply?

A

Superior thyroid via superior laryngeal artery

42
Q

What nerve innervates the superior thyroid?

A

internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

43
Q

What does the lingual artery supply?

A

Deep muscles of tongue

44
Q

What does the facial artery supply?

A

Facial muscles

45
Q

What does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply?

A

Pharynx and tonsils

46
Q

What does the occipital artery supply?

A

Neck, scalp, and SCM

47
Q

What does the posterior auricular artery supply?

A

Scalp and posterior to ear

48
Q

What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

A

Common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, carotid sinus, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve

49
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

A

Contains receptors that monitor blood pressure changes

50
Q

What nerve crosses the SCM transversly and supplies the skin overlying the anterior cervical triangle?

A

Transverse cervical nerve (C2-C3)

51
Q

What are the borders of the submental triangle?

A

Inferior: hyoid bone
Lateral: both anterior bellies of digastric muscles

52
Q

What are the contents of the submental triangle?

A
  1. Mylohyoid muscle

2. Submental lymph nodes

53
Q

What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?

A

Superior: Mandible
Anterior: Anterior belly of digastric
Posterior: posterior belly of digastric

54
Q

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?

A
  1. submandibular gland
  2. submandibular lymph nodes
  3. CN VII (mandibular branch)
  4. CN XII
  5. Mylohyoid nerve (V3)
  6. Facial artery and vein
55
Q

What are the borders of the muscular triangle?

A

Superior: hyoid bone
Lateral: superior belly of omohyoid and SCM
Medial: midline of neck

56
Q

What are the visceral contents of the muscular triangle?

A
  1. Thyroid gland
  2. Parathyroid glands
  3. Trachea
  4. Esophagus
  5. Common carotid artery
  6. Internal jugular vein
57
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

A

Superior: stylohyoid and post belly of digastric
Posterior: SCM
Anteroinferior: sup belly of omohyoid

58
Q

What nerves are found in the carotid triangle?

A
  1. CN X
  2. Laryngeal nerves
  3. CN XI
  4. CN XII
  5. Ansa Cervicalis
59
Q

What arteries are found in the carotid triangle?

A
  1. Common Carotid
  2. Internal carotid
  3. External carotid
  4. All ECA branches

SP17: Anatomy Test 2 (13 decks)

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