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SP17: Anatomy Test 2 > Fascial Layers/Posterior Triangle > Flashcards

Fascial Layers/Posterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

Which fascia layer is devoid of fat?

A

Deep

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2
Q

What are the three longitudinal compartments of the neck (often seen in cross-section)?

A
  1. Visceral (anterior)
  2. Vascular (one on each lateral side)
  3. Vertebral (posterior)
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3
Q

What is found in the visceral compartment of the neck?

A

Digestive and respiratory systems

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4
Q

What is found in the vascular compartment of the neck?

A

Major vessels and vagus nerve

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5
Q

What is found in the vertebral compartment of the neck?

A

Cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, cervical nerves and muscles

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6
Q

What is the most superficial fascia layer in the neck and what does it surround?

A

Investing fascia: trapezius, SCM, infrahyoid

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7
Q

What does the pretracheal fascia surround?

A

Thyroid, trachea, esophagus, posterior surface of infrahyoid

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8
Q

What does the buccophryngeal fascia surround?

A

Pharynx posteriorly

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9
Q

What does the alar fascia surround?

A

Anterior layer of prevertebral fascia and runs behind buccopharyngeal fascia

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10
Q

What does the prevertebral fascia surround?

A

Prevertebral and deep back muscles

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11
Q

What does the carotid sheath surround?

A

CCA, ICA, IJV, vagus nerve

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12
Q

What are the four fascial spaces?

A
  1. Carotid Sheath
  2. Pretracheal space
  3. Retropharyngeal Space
  4. Prevertebral space
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13
Q

Which space is also called the danger space? Why?

A

Prevertebral space. Infections can easily spread in this space because it spans all the way to the posterior mediastinum

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14
Q

How far inferiorly does the carotid sheath travel?

A

To the middle mediastinum

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15
Q

Where does the pretracheal space span from superior to inferior?

A

Thyroid cartilage to anterior mediastinum

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16
Q

What area does the retropharyngeal space span?

A

Skull to superior mediastinum

17
Q

What are the three horizontal zones of the neck?

A

Zone 1: thoracic inlet -> cricoid cartilage
Zone 2: Cricoid cartilage -> angle of mandible
Zone 3: Angle of mandible -> base of skull

18
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A

Anterior: SCM
Posterior: Trapezius
Inferior: Clavicle

19
Q

What are the contents of the posterior triangle?

A
  1. Platysma
  2. External jugular vein
  3. Cutaneous nerves (Erb’s Point)
  4. Motor nerves
  5. Transverse cervical and suprascapular arteries
  6. Deep muscles
20
Q

Where do all of the cutaneous nerves in the posterior triangle arise from?

A

Erb’s Point

21
Q

What are the four cutaneous nerves in the posterior triangle?

A
  1. Lesser Occipital
  2. Great auricular
  3. Transverse cervical
  4. Spraclavicular
22
Q

What does the lesser occipital nerve supply and what is its general direction?

A

Skin of scalp at apex of triangle.

C2-C3. Runs superior from Erb’s point.

23
Q

What does the great auricular nerve supply and what is its general direction?

A

Lobe and skin of posterior ear

C2-C3. Runs superiomedially

24
Q

What does the transverse cervical nerve supply and what is its general direction?

A

Skin of anterior cervical triangle and lateral neck

C2-C3. Runs medially

25
Q

What does the supraclavicular nerves supply and what is its general direction?

A

Skin of clavicular region

C3-C4. Run inferiorly

26
Q

What are the two motor nerves that run through the posterior triangle?

A
  1. CN XI

2. Phrenic nerve (C3-C5)

27
Q

What foramen does CN XI come from?

A

Jugular foramen

28
Q

What does CN XI supply after going through the posterior triangle?

A

SCM and trapezius

29
Q

What muscle does the phrenic nerve descend with?

A

Anterior scalene meaning it is quite deep. Much deeper than CN XI

30
Q

What is the major vein found in the posterior triangle and what does it drain into?

A

External jugular vein - drains into subclavian

31
Q

What are the two major arteries of the posterior triangle and where do they come from?

A

Transverse cervical - thyrocervical trunk

Suprascapular - thyrocervical trunk

32
Q

What is the action and innervation of the splenius capitus muscle?

A

A: extend and laterally rotate head and neck

N: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

33
Q

What is the action and innervation of the levator scapulae muscle?

A

A: elevate scapula

N: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

34
Q

Where do the three scalene muscles originate and insert?

A

Anterior: C3-C6 -> 1st rib
Middle: C2-C7 -> 1st rib
Posterior: C4-C6 -> 2nd rib

35
Q

What is the action and innervation of the scalene muscles?

A

A: tilt neck laterally
N: ventral rami of C3-C8

36
Q

What forms the interscalene triangle?

A

Anterior scalene, middle scalene, 1st rib

37
Q

What is the clinical significance of the interscalene triangle?

A

Brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass through it and can be compressed. Could cause nerve dysfunction

SP17: Anatomy Test 2 (13 decks)

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