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SP17: Anatomy Test 2 > Pharynx > Flashcards

Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the superior and inferior extents of the pharynx?

A

Skull base and cricoid cartilage (C6)

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2
Q

What types of muscle are found in the pharynx?

A

Circular and longitudinal

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3
Q

What is the border between the nasopharynx and the oropharynx?

A

Soft palate

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4
Q

What is the border between the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx?

A

Epiglottis

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5
Q

What muscles line the entire posterior wall of the pharynx?

A

Pharyngeal constrictor muscles

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6
Q

There are five layers to the pharynx, what are they?

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Pharyngobasilar fascia
  4. Muscular layer
  5. Buccopharyngeal fascia
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7
Q

The _______ is an opening found in the nasopharynx. It is surrounded by a cartilaginous structure called the _______.

A
  1. Auditory tube orifice

2. Torus tubarius

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8
Q

In which part of the pharynx is the pharyngeal tonsil found?

A

In the nasopharynx

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9
Q

The ______ is a thin fold covering a muscle extending inferiorly from the torus tubarius?

A

Salpingopharyngeal fold

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10
Q

What structure serves as the anterior margin of the oropharynx?

A

Palatoglossal arch

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11
Q

What structure is found between the palatoglossal arch and the palatopharyngeal arch?

A

Palatine tonsils

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12
Q

What two structures create the vallecula?

A

Root of tongue and epiglottis

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13
Q

What is the significance of the vallecula?

A

Pocket that prevents saliva from entering trachea

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14
Q

Which arch is part of the lateral wall of the oropharyngeal isthmus?

A

Palatopharyngeal arch

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15
Q

T/F: The root of the tongue is mobile.

A

FALSE

Immobile

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16
Q

What special muscular structure is found on the deep surface of the superior constrictor and what is its purpose?

A

Palatopharyngeal sphincter.

Closes off the nasopharynx when swallowing

17
Q

What is the major function of the laryngopharynx?

A

Properly send food into the esophagus while bypassing the trachea

18
Q

What two nerves are found in the laryngopharynx?

A
  1. Internal laryngeal nerve: descends

2. Recurrent laryngeal nerve: ascends

19
Q

What artery runs with the internal laryngeal nerve?

A

Superior laryngeal artery

20
Q

What artery runs with the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

Inferior laryngeal artery

21
Q

What is the special part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor that acts as a sphincter?

A

Cricopharyngeus muscle

22
Q

What is the structure in the posterior portion of the laryngopharynx that legos get stuck in?

A

Piriform fossa (recess)

23
Q

What structure runs down the posterior midline and serves as the posterior attachment for all the pharyngeal constrictors?

A

Pharyngeal raphe

24
Q

What are the anterolateral attachments for the superior constrictors?

A
  1. Pterygomandibular raphe
  2. Pterygoid hamulus
  3. Medial plate of pterygoid process
  4. Pharygeal tubercle
25
Q

What are the anterolateral attachments for the middle constrictors?

A

Stylohyoid ligament and hyoid bone

26
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the majority of the pharynx?

A

CN IX

27
Q

What muscle in the pharynx is not innervated by CN X?

A

Stylopharyngeus (IX)

28
Q

Which constrictor is the most superficial?

A

Inferior constrictor

29
Q

What are the anterolateral attachments for the inferior constrictors?

A
  1. Oblique line of thyroid cartilage

2. Cricoid cartilage

30
Q

What muscles of the pharynx are considered the elevator muscles?

A
  1. Stylopharyngeus
  2. Salpingopharyngeus
  3. Palatopharyngeus
  4. Stylopharyngeus
31
Q

What is the large opening between the superior and middle constrictors?

A

Oropharyngeal triangle

32
Q

What branch of the ECA forms the superior laryngeal artery?

A

Superior thyroid artery

33
Q

What artery provides the majority of the blood supply for the pharynx?

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery

34
Q

Several arteries supply blood supply to the palatine tonsil region, which arteries are they?

A
  1. Lesser palatine
  2. Ascending pharyngeal
  3. Ascending palatine
  4. Facial
  5. Lingual
35
Q

What provides sensory innervation for the nasopharynx?

A

Pharyngeal branch of V2

36
Q

What are some symptoms that can result from the enlargement of pharyngeal tonsils?

A

Termed adenoids:

  1. Obstruct airflow from nose
  2. Disrupt air exchange between nasopharynx and middle ear
37
Q

Describe the process of swallowing?

A

Tongue pushes against the palate -> soft palate pushes against posterior oropharynx -> epiglottis covers trachea -> food goes into esophagus

SP17: Anatomy Test 2 (13 decks)

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