Gross Brain, Meninges, Dural Sinuses, Cranial Fossae

Question 1

What are the three major functions of the brain?

Answer 1

1. Stimulate movement: motor and sensory
2. Maintain homeostasis
3. Produce thought

Question 2

What does the central sulcus separate?

Answer 2

Frontal and parietal lobes

Question 3

What does the parieto-occipital sulcus separate?

Answer 3

Parietal and occipital lobes

Question 4

What does the lateral sulcus separate?

Answer 4

Temporal and frontal lobes

Question 5

What does the longitudinal sulcus separate?

Answer 5

The two cerebral hemispheres

Question 6

What lobe is the primary motor and personality area?

Answer 6

Frontal

Question 7

What lobe is the primary sensory and integration area?

Answer 7

Parietal

Question 8

What lobe is the primary visual area?

Answer 8

Occipital

Question 9

What lobe deals with auditory, speech, olfactory, and memory?

Answer 9

Temporal

Question 10

What part of the brain handles fine motor coordination?

Answer 10

Cerebellum

Question 11

What part of the brain contains CN nuclei and tracts between cerebrum and cerebellum?

Answer 11

Pons

Question 12

What part of the brain controls blood pressure and respiration?

Answer 12

Medulla oblongata

Question 13

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

Answer 13

Connects the two hemispheres

Question 14

What part of the brain is the major relay station for the senses?

Answer 14

Thalamus

Question 15

What sense does not go through the thalamus?

Answer 15

Olfaction

Question 16

What is the center for autonomic and endocrine functions?

Answer 16

Hypothalamus

Question 17

What is the function of the pineal gland?

Answer 17

Sleep-wake cycles

Question 18

What types of nuclei are related with the mammillary bodies?

Answer 18

Emotion related

Question 19

What are the two major sources of blood to the brain?

Answer 19

1. Internal carotid system

2. Vertebrobasilar system

Question 20

Where does the ICA enter the skull and what is its path?

Answer 20

Carotid canal -> foramen lacerum -> cavernous sinus

Question 21

What parts of the brain are supplied by ICA?

Answer 21

Anterior and middle brain

Question 22

Describe the path of the vertebral artery?

Answer 22

Ascends through transverse foramina (C6 and above) -> foramen magnum -> forms basilar artery

Question 23

What part of the brain is supplied by the vertebrobasilar system?

Answer 23

Posterior brain

Question 24

What does the posterior communicating artery connect?

Answer 24

PCA with ICA

Question 25

What does the anterior communicating artery connect?

Answer 25

Right and left ACAs

Question 26

What are the three branches off of the ICA that form the circle of willis?

Answer 26

1. Opthalmic a. 2. ACA 3. MCA

Question 27

What are the branches of the vertebral artery?

Answer 27

1. Ant. and post. spinal arteries | 2. PICA

Question 28

What are the branches of the basilar artery?

Answer 28

1. AICA 2. Labyrinthine arteries 3. Pontine arteries 4. Superior cerebellar arteries

Question 29

What bones are found in the anterior fossa?

Answer 29

Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid

Question 30

What bones are found in the middle fossa?

Answer 30

Sphenoid, parietal, temporal

Question 31

What bones are found in the posterior fossa?

Answer 31

Temporal, parietal, occipital

Question 32

What are the foramen of the anterior fossa? What goes through them?

Answer 32

1. Cribriform plate: CN I 2. Foramen cecum: emissary vein 3. Anterior ethmoidal foramen: anterior ethmoidal (n,a,v) 4. Posterior ethmoidal foramen: posterior ethmoidal (n,a,v)

Question 33

What is the bony feature in which the optic chiasm sits?

Answer 33

chiasmatic sulcus

Question 34

What are the foramen of the middle cranial fossa and what do they transmit?

Answer 34

1. Optic canal: CN II and opthalamic artery 2. Superior orbital fissure: V1, CN III, IV, VI, opthalmic veins 3. Foramen rotundum: V2 4. Foramen lucerum: fibrocartilage 5. Foramen ovale: V3, accessorymeningeal artery 6. Foramen spinosum: middle meningeal artery

Question 35

What are the foramen of the posterior fossa and what do they transmit?

Answer 35

1. Internal acoustic meatus: CN VII, VIII 2. Jugular foramen: IJV, CN IX, X, XI 3. Foramen magnum: spinal cord and vertebral vessels 4. Hypoglossal canal: CN XII

Question 36

What layer of meninges separates to form the sinuses?

Answer 36

Dura mater

Question 37

What arteries supply blood to the dura?

Answer 37

1. Ethmoidal 2. Middle meningeal 3. Vertebral 4. Ascending pharyngeal 5. Occipital

Question 38

Where do the meningeal veins drain?

Answer 38

Pterygoid plexus

Question 39

What parts of the dura are innervated by V1?

Answer 39

Anterior and posterior

Question 40

What parts of the dura are innervated by V2?

Answer 40

Anterolateral

Question 41

What parts of the dura are innervated by V3?

Answer 41

Lateral

Question 42

What parts of the dura are innervated by cervical nerve?

Answer 42

Floor of posterior cranial fossa

Question 43

What does the falx cerebri separate?

Answer 43

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 44

What does the falx cerebelli separate?

Answer 44

Cerebelli hemispheres

Question 45

What does the tentorium cerebelli separate?

Answer 45

cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 46

What major vessel does blood in the dural sinuses ultimately drain to?

Answer 46

IJV

Question 47

What two major structures pass through the cavernous sinus?

Answer 47

1. ICA | 2. CN VI

Question 48

What nerves run just laterally to the cavernous sinus?

Answer 48

CN III, IV, V1, V2

Question 49

What results in an arteriovenous fistula in the cavernous sinus? Symptoms?

Answer 49

Skull base facture -> ICA rupture; Swollen and pulsating eye

Question 50

What is the function of arachnoid granulations?

Answer 50

Drain CSF into the venous sinuses