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SP17: Anatomy Test 2 > Gross Brain, Meninges, Dural Sinuses, Cranial Fossae > Flashcards

Gross Brain, Meninges, Dural Sinuses, Cranial Fossae Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major functions of the brain?

A
  1. Stimulate movement: motor and sensory
  2. Maintain homeostasis
  3. Produce thought
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2
Q

What does the central sulcus separate?

A

Frontal and parietal lobes

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3
Q

What does the parieto-occipital sulcus separate?

A

Parietal and occipital lobes

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4
Q

What does the lateral sulcus separate?

A

Temporal and frontal lobes

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5
Q

What does the longitudinal sulcus separate?

A

The two cerebral hemispheres

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6
Q

What lobe is the primary motor and personality area?

A

Frontal

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7
Q

What lobe is the primary sensory and integration area?

A

Parietal

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8
Q

What lobe is the primary visual area?

A

Occipital

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9
Q

What lobe deals with auditory, speech, olfactory, and memory?

A

Temporal

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10
Q

What part of the brain handles fine motor coordination?

A

Cerebellum

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11
Q

What part of the brain contains CN nuclei and tracts between cerebrum and cerebellum?

A

Pons

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12
Q

What part of the brain controls blood pressure and respiration?

A

Medulla oblongata

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13
Q

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

A

Connects the two hemispheres

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14
Q

What part of the brain is the major relay station for the senses?

A

Thalamus

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15
Q

What sense does not go through the thalamus?

A

Olfaction

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16
Q

What is the center for autonomic and endocrine functions?

A

Hypothalamus

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17
Q

What is the function of the pineal gland?

A

Sleep-wake cycles

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18
Q

What types of nuclei are related with the mammillary bodies?

A

Emotion related

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19
Q

What are the two major sources of blood to the brain?

A
  1. Internal carotid system

2. Vertebrobasilar system

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20
Q

Where does the ICA enter the skull and what is its path?

A

Carotid canal -> foramen lacerum -> cavernous sinus

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21
Q

What parts of the brain are supplied by ICA?

A

Anterior and middle brain

22
Q

Describe the path of the vertebral artery?

A

Ascends through transverse foramina (C6 and above) -> foramen magnum -> forms basilar artery

23
Q

What part of the brain is supplied by the vertebrobasilar system?

A

Posterior brain

24
Q

What does the posterior communicating artery connect?

A

PCA with ICA

25
Q

What does the anterior communicating artery connect?

A

Right and left ACAs

26
Q

What are the three branches off of the ICA that form the circle of willis?

A
  1. Opthalmic a.
  2. ACA
  3. MCA
27
Q

What are the branches of the vertebral artery?

A
  1. Ant. and post. spinal arteries

2. PICA

28
Q

What are the branches of the basilar artery?

A
  1. AICA
  2. Labyrinthine arteries
  3. Pontine arteries
  4. Superior cerebellar arteries
29
Q

What bones are found in the anterior fossa?

A

Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid

30
Q

What bones are found in the middle fossa?

A

Sphenoid, parietal, temporal

31
Q

What bones are found in the posterior fossa?

A

Temporal, parietal, occipital

32
Q

What are the foramen of the anterior fossa? What goes through them?

A
  1. Cribriform plate: CN I
  2. Foramen cecum: emissary vein
  3. Anterior ethmoidal foramen: anterior ethmoidal (n,a,v)
  4. Posterior ethmoidal foramen: posterior ethmoidal (n,a,v)
33
Q

What is the bony feature in which the optic chiasm sits?

A

chiasmatic sulcus

34
Q

What are the foramen of the middle cranial fossa and what do they transmit?

A
  1. Optic canal: CN II and opthalamic artery
  2. Superior orbital fissure: V1, CN III, IV, VI, opthalmic veins
  3. Foramen rotundum: V2
  4. Foramen lucerum: fibrocartilage
  5. Foramen ovale: V3, accessorymeningeal artery
  6. Foramen spinosum: middle meningeal artery
35
Q

What are the foramen of the posterior fossa and what do they transmit?

A
  1. Internal acoustic meatus: CN VII, VIII
  2. Jugular foramen: IJV, CN IX, X, XI
  3. Foramen magnum: spinal cord and vertebral vessels
  4. Hypoglossal canal: CN XII
36
Q

What layer of meninges separates to form the sinuses?

A

Dura mater

37
Q

What arteries supply blood to the dura?

A
  1. Ethmoidal
  2. Middle meningeal
  3. Vertebral
  4. Ascending pharyngeal
  5. Occipital
38
Q

Where do the meningeal veins drain?

A

Pterygoid plexus

39
Q

What parts of the dura are innervated by V1?

A

Anterior and posterior

40
Q

What parts of the dura are innervated by V2?

A

Anterolateral

41
Q

What parts of the dura are innervated by V3?

A

Lateral

42
Q

What parts of the dura are innervated by cervical nerve?

A

Floor of posterior cranial fossa

43
Q

What does the falx cerebri separate?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

44
Q

What does the falx cerebelli separate?

A

Cerebelli hemispheres

45
Q

What does the tentorium cerebelli separate?

A

cerebrum and cerebellum

46
Q

What major vessel does blood in the dural sinuses ultimately drain to?

A

IJV

47
Q

What two major structures pass through the cavernous sinus?

A
  1. ICA

2. CN VI

48
Q

What nerves run just laterally to the cavernous sinus?

A

CN III, IV, V1, V2

49
Q

What results in an arteriovenous fistula in the cavernous sinus? Symptoms?

A

Skull base facture -> ICA rupture; Swollen and pulsating eye

50
Q

What is the function of arachnoid granulations?

A

Drain CSF into the venous sinuses

SP17: Anatomy Test 2 (13 decks)

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