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GRDA > the orbit > Flashcards

the orbit Flashcards

1
Q

the optic canal is considered what part of the orbit?

A

apex

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2
Q

the orbital margin makes up the ____ of the bony orbit

A

base

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3
Q

transmits CN II and ophthalmic artery

A

optic canal

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4
Q

the superior wall of the orbit is made up by _____ and _____

A

orbital part of frontal bone
lesser wing of sphenoid bone

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5
Q

the superior wall of the orbit contains ____ and _____

A

supraorbital notch
lacrimal fossa

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6
Q

transmits supraorbital nerve and the supraorbital artery

A

supraorbital notch

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7
Q

the medial wall of the orbit is formed by ____

A

orbital plate of ethmoid bone

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8
Q

the medial wall has contributions from ___, ____, and ____

A

maxilla
sphenoid
lacrimal

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9
Q

the medial wall contains ____, _____, _____, and ____

A

lacrimal groove/sac
anterior/posterior ethmoidal foramen
trochlea
nasolacrimal canal

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10
Q

transmits nerves and vessels to the nasal cavity and the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses

A

anterior/posterior ethmoidal foramen

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11
Q

drains tears from the eye to the inferior meatus in the nasal cavity

A

nasolacrimal canal

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12
Q

inferior wall of the orbit is formed by ____

A

maxilla

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13
Q

inferior wall has contributions from _____ and _____

A

zygomatic
palatine

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14
Q

the inferior wall separates orbit and _____

A

maxillary sinuses

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15
Q

inferior wall contains ____ and _____

A

inferior orbital fissure
infra-orbital foramen

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16
Q

communicates with the IT and pterygopalatine fossae, transmits CN V2 and infraorbital vein, zygomatic nerve and inferior ophthalmic vein

A

inferior orbital fissure

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17
Q

the inferior orbital fissure is between what two walls?

A

inferior and lateral

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18
Q

transmits infraorbital nerve and vessels to the maxillary region of face

A

infraorbital foramen

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19
Q

the lateral wall of the orbit is formed by _____ and _____

A

frontal process of zygomatic
greater wing of sphenoid

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20
Q

the lateral wall separates the orbit from ____ and ____

A

temporal fossa
middle cranial fossa

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21
Q

opening between greater and lesser wings of sphenoid

A

superior orbital fissure

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22
Q

transmits CN III, CN IV, CN V1 with branches lacrimal, nasociliary and frontal, and CN VI and ophthalmic veins

A

superior orbital fissure

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23
Q

fractures of the medial wall may involve what two sinuses?

A

ethmoidal and sphenoidal

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24
Q

fractures of the inferior wall may involve what sinus?

A

maxillary

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25
Q

indirect trauma that displaces the orbital walls

A

blowout fracture of the orbit

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26
Q

intra-orbital bleeding may cause _____

A

exophthalmos

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27
Q

where is the lacrimal gland located?

A

superolateral orbit

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28
Q

tears spread evenly through blinking in ___ to ___ direction

A

lateral
medial

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29
Q

tears drain via the _____ into the _____

A

nasolacrimal duct
inferior nasal meatus of the nasal cavity

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30
Q

_____ + _____ + _____ deliver presynaptic parasympathetic fibers to the _____ ganglion where they synapse then postsynaptic ______ and ____ innervate the lacrimal gland

A

facial nerve
greater petrosal nerve
nerve to pterygoid canal
pterygopalatine
zygomatic
lacrimal

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31
Q

______ and _____ join forming nerve of pterygoid canal

A

sympathetic from superior cervical ganglion
deep petrosal nerve

32
Q

elevates eyelid

A

levator palpebrae superioris muscle

33
Q

levator palpebrae superioris is innervation

A

CN III

34
Q

help keep eyelid elevated

A

superior tarsal muscle

35
Q

superior tarsal innervation

A

sympathetic from T1

36
Q

loss of what two muscles results in ptosis?

A

levator palpebrae superioris
superior tarsal

37
Q

what are the layers of the eyeball?

A

sclera/cornea
choroid
retina

38
Q

dense attachment for muscles that move the eyeball

A

sclera

39
Q

clear area anterior to the iris that refracts incoming light

A

cornea

40
Q

cornea sensory innervation

A

nasociliary (V1)

41
Q

smooth muscles anteriorly and lots of blood vessels posteriorly

A

choroid

42
Q

contraction changes shape of lens

A

ciliary muscles

43
Q

ciliary muscle inenrvation

A

CN III parasympathetic

44
Q

innervated by the parasympathetic fibers makes the pupil smaller

A

pupillary sphincter

45
Q

pupillary sphincter preganglionic fibers from CN III synapse in _____

A

ciliary ganglion

46
Q

change amount of light allowed into the eye

A

pupil dilator muscles

47
Q

pupil dilator muscle innervation

A

T1 sympathetic fibers that synapse in superior cervical ganglion

48
Q

extension of optic nerve that contains cells sensing light and transmitting information to the brain

A

retina

49
Q

regulates the intensity of light entering the eye by controlling the diameter of the pupil

A

pupillary reflex

50
Q

greater intensity of light causes the pupil to _____

A

constrict

51
Q

detects the incoming light

A

sensory limb of CN II

52
Q

visceral motor response by constricting the pupil

A

CN III

53
Q

loss of sympathetic supply that results in ptosis, flushing, anhidrosis and miosis

A

Horner’s syndrome

54
Q

abduction away from the nose

A

lateral rectus muscle

55
Q

lateral rectus innervation

A

CN IV

56
Q

adduction toward the nose

A

medial rectus muscle

57
Q

medial rectus innervation

A

CN III

58
Q

elevates and adducts the eye

A

superior rectus muscle

59
Q

superior rectus muscle innervation

A

CN III

60
Q

elevates and abducts the eye

A

inferior oblique muscle

61
Q

inferior oblique innervation

A

CN III

62
Q

depresses and abducts the eye

A

superior oblique muscle

63
Q

superior oblique innervation

A

CN IV

64
Q

depresses and adducts the eye

A

inferior rectus muscle

65
Q

inferior rectus innervation

A

CN III

66
Q

to test superior rectus, have the patient look ____ then will produce ____ only

A

laterally (abduct)
elevation

67
Q

to test inferior oblique, have the patient look _____ then produce ____ only

A

medially (adduct)
elevation

68
Q

to test superior oblique, have the patient look _____ then will produce _____ only

A

medially (adduct)
depression

69
Q

to test inferior rectus have the patient look ____ then will produce _____ only

A

laterally (abduct)
depression

70
Q

in CN III palsy the affected eye deviates to the ____ and _____ position

A

abducted
depressed

71
Q

CN III palsy symptoms

A

fixed, dilated pupil
loss of accommodation
ptosis

72
Q

palsy to this nerve causes double vision due to unopposed upward and inward movements

A

trochlear nerve (CN IV)

73
Q

palsy to this nerve causes double vision due to unopposed action of the medial rectus muscle

A

abducens (CN VI)

74
Q

central retinal vein drains directly to _____

A

cavernous sinus

75
Q

inferior ophthalmic vein may drain to ____

A

pterygoid plexus

76
Q

ophthalmic veins communicate with ____ and ____ veins anteriorly

A

facial
supra-orbital

GRDA (13 decks)

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