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GRDA > development of pharyngeal arches > Flashcards

development of pharyngeal arches Flashcards

1
Q

pharyngeal arches consist of a core of mesenchyme which is made of ____

A

mesoderm and NCCs

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2
Q

pharyngeal arches are covered by ____ externally and ____ internally

A

ectoderm
endoderm

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3
Q

pharyngeal arches are separated by ____ externally and ____ internally

A

pharyngeal clefts/grooves
pharyngeal pouches

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4
Q

where groove and pouch touch

A

pharyngeal membrane

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5
Q

what is crucial for proper facial development?

A

1st arch separates found on either side of oropharyngeal membrane

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6
Q

allows future pharynx and foregut to communicate with amniotic cavity once oropharyngeal membrane breaks down

A

stomodeum

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7
Q

components of pharyngeal arches

A

artery
cartilaginous rod
muscular component
nerve

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8
Q

from truncus arteriosus of heart

A

artery

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9
Q

supports the arch and is involved in formation of arch derived skeletal elements

A

cartilaginous rod

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10
Q

forms many muscles of head and neck

A

muscular component

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11
Q

each arch is associated with one ____ that supplies skin, mucosa, and muscles associated with the arch

A

cranial nerve

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12
Q

arches contributions

A

face
nasal cavities
mouth
larynx
pharynx
neck

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13
Q

1st arch cartilage derivatives

A

palatoquadrate bar (maxillary swelling): incus and alisphenoid
Meckel’s cartilage (mandibular swelling): proximal: malleus, anterior ligament of malleus and sphenomandibular ligament
distal: mandible

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14
Q

2nd arch cartilage derivatives

A

reichert’s cartilage: stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lesser cornua and body of hyoid bone

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15
Q

3rd arch cartilage derivatives

A

greater cornua and part of body of hyoid bone

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16
Q

4th and 6th arch cartilage derivatives

A

laryngeal cartilages

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17
Q

1st arch artery derivative

A

maxillary artery

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18
Q

2nd arch artery derivative

A

stapedial artery

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19
Q

3rd arch artery derivative

A

common carotid artery and proximal internal carotid artery

20
Q

4th arch artery derivative

A

R: proximal right subclavian artery
L: arch of aorta

21
Q

6th arch artery derivative

A

L: proximal left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus
R: proximal right pulmonary artery

22
Q

1st arch muscle derivatives

A

muscles of mastication: temporalis, pterygoids and masseter
tensor tympani
tensor veli palatini
mylohyoid
anterior belly of digastric

23
Q

2nd arch muscle derivatives

A

muscles of facial expression
posterior belly of digastric
stylohyoid
stapedius

24
Q

3rd arch muscle derivative

A

stylopharyngeus

25
Q

4th and 6th arch muscles derivatives

A

pharyngeal constrictors
levator palatini
cricothyroid
laryngeal muscles

26
Q

1st arch nerve

A

trigeminal CN V

27
Q

2nd arch nerve

A

facial CN VII

28
Q

3rd arch nerve

A

glossopharyngeal CN IX

29
Q

4th and 6th arch nerve

A

vagus CN X

30
Q

1st pharyngeal cleft derivative

A

external acoustic meatus
external layer of tympanic membrane

31
Q

how is the cervical sinus created?

A

remaining grooves are obliterated by overgrowth of 2nd pharyngeal groove

32
Q

1st pharyngeal pouch derivatives

A

tubotympanic recess
tympanic cavity
mastoid antrum
internal surface of tympanic membrane
pharyngotympanic tube

33
Q

2nd pharyngeal pouch derivatives

A

tonsillar sinus (fossa)
tonsillar crypts

34
Q

3rd pharyngeal pouch derivatives

A

dorsal: inferior parathyroid gland
ventral: thymus

35
Q

4th pharyngeal pouch derivatives

A

superior parathyroid gland
ultimobranchial body

36
Q

describe the development of the tongue

A

begins as median swelling on floor of primordial pharynx rostral to foramen cecum
two distal tongue buds rapidly increase in size, fuse and overgrow median tongue bud creating anterior 2/3 tongue
copula from fusion of ventromedial parts of 2nd arches forms caudal to foramen cecum
hypopharyngeal eminence from ventromedial parts of 3rd and 4th arches overgrows copula forming posterior 1/3 of tongue

37
Q

where are most of the tongue muscles derived from?

A

occipital somites

38
Q

firs endocrine gland to develop

A

thyroid

39
Q

describe the development of the thyroid

A

forms from median endodermal thickening of floor of primordial pharynx
becomes an out-pocketing (thyroid primordium)

40
Q

where is the orientation of the thyroid when it descends into the neck?

A

ventral to hyoid and laryngeal cartilages

41
Q

proximal opening of thyroglossal duct persists as small pit

A

foramen cecum

42
Q

thyroid gland is connected to tongue via ____

A

thyroglossal duct

43
Q

form anywhere along the course of the thyroglossal duct

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

44
Q

where can a thyroglossal cyst form?

A

in tongue or anterior to neck just inferior to hyoid bone

45
Q

opens in median plane anterior to laryngeal cartilages

A

thyroglossal duct sinus

GRDA (13 decks)

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