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GRDA > development of face > Flashcards

development of face Flashcards

1
Q

what is the chondrocranium?

A

part of neurocranium formed by endochondral ossification

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2
Q

what does the neurocranium develop from?

A

3 pairs of cartilage precursors: prechordal, parachordal and hypophyseal

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3
Q

where does the cartilage that makes up the neurocranium come from?

A

occipital somites

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4
Q

parachordal cartilages form _____

A

basioccipital

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5
Q

occipital somites form ____

A

exoccipital (modified vertebral element)

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6
Q

periotic capsules form _____

A

petrous and mastoid regions of temporal bones

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7
Q

hypophyseal cartilages form ____

A

body of sphenoid (basisphenoid)

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8
Q

posterior prechordal cartilage forms _____

A

presphenoid

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9
Q

alisphenoid forms ____

A

greater wing

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10
Q

orbitosphenoid and hypochiasmatic form ____

A

lesser wing

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11
Q

anterior prechordal cartilage forms ______

A

ethmoid bone along with olfactory capsule

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12
Q

modified epiphyseal growth plate allowing growth along A-P axis

A

spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS)

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13
Q

what allows deformation of skull as it passes through birth canal?

A

bones of cranial vault not completely ossified and joined by fibrous sutures

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14
Q

six sutures/fontanelles present at birth

A

anterior, posterior, anterolateral and posterolateral

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15
Q

how is the development of the face established?

A

by development and joining of 5 prominences associated with the 1st pharyngeal arch: frontonasal, 2 maxillary and 2 mandibular

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16
Q

prominences initially surround _____

A

stomodeum

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17
Q

separates stomodeum from GI tract

A

oropharyngeal membrane

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18
Q

further growth and expansion is dependent on _____

A

NCC proliferation

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19
Q

maxillary prominences enlarge and grow ____

A

ventrally and medially

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20
Q

form as bilateral oval thickenings on inferolateral aspect of frontonasal prominence

A

nasal placodes

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21
Q

what do the nasal placodes eventually become?

A

nasal pits (eventually anterior nares and nasal cavity)

22
Q

horseshoes shaped elevations surrounding placodes

A

medial and lateral nasal processes

23
Q

groove between lateral nasal process and maxillary prominence

A

nasolacrimal groove

24
Q

medial nasal processes move toward midline and join to form _____

A

bridge and septum of nose

25
Q

inferior tips of medial nasal process expand laterally and inferiorly to fuse as ____

A

intermaxillary process

26
Q

intermaxillary process will give rise to _____

A

philtrum
primary palate
4 upper incisors

27
Q

intermaxillary process fuses with maxillary prominence to form ____

A

upper lip

28
Q

nasal pits _____ while frontonasal _____

A

deepen and invaginate
expands

29
Q

merging of medial nasal processes into intermaxillary segment joins _____ into ____

A

nasal pits
single nasal sac

30
Q

separates nasal sac from oral cavity

A

nasal fin

31
Q

how does the oronasal membrane form?

A

apoptosis in fin expands nasal sac and thins fin

32
Q

oronasal membrane ruptures to form ____

A

primitive choana

33
Q

floor of nasal cavity is ______

A

primary palate from intermaxillary segment

34
Q

oral and nasal cavities will be separated by formation of _____

A

palatal shelves

35
Q

describe the formation of the palatal shelves

A

initially palatal shelves grow inferiorly from maxillary process
soon they rotate superiorly into horizontal position which requires deepening of mandible and descent of tongue
fusion in middle of midline and continual fusion anteriorly and posteriorly

36
Q

palatal shelves form _____

A

secondary palate

37
Q

indicates fusion of primary palate with anterior aspect of secondary palate

A

incisive foramen

38
Q

posterior aspect of secondary palate

A

soft palate

39
Q

how is the nasal septum formed?

A

down growth of medial nasal and frontonasal processes from roof of nasal cavity

40
Q

describe how the nasal cavity becomes separated into two nasal passages

A

nasal septum eventually fuses with superior aspect of primary and secondary palates

41
Q

describe primary pneumatization

A

maxillary, frontal and ethmoid sinuses develop as outgrowths of nasal cavity

42
Q

describe secondary pneumatization

A

sinuses expand through childhood and adulthood

43
Q

results from closure of sphenoethmoidal recess

A

sphenoid sinus

44
Q

describe how the parotid gland develops

A

develops from ectoderm between maxillary and mandibular prominences

45
Q

describe how sublingual and submandibular glands devleop

A

develop from endoderm lining floor of oral cavity

46
Q

name the stages of salivary gland development

A

prebud
bud
pseudoglandular
canalicular
terminal bud

47
Q

what types of hard tissue are teeth composed of?

A

enamel
cementum
dentine

48
Q

what forms enamel?

A

ectoderm that gives rise to ameloblasts

49
Q

what forms cementum and dentine?

A

NCCs that give rise to cementoblasts and odontoblasts

50
Q

what gives rise to vasculature of teeth?

A

mesoderm

GRDA (13 decks)

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