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2.3.1. Head, Neck & Neuroanatomy > The Oral Cavity and Pharynx > Flashcards

The Oral Cavity and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is the location of the periform fossa?

A

length of recess lies between hyoid bone above and the cricoid cartilage below and continues inferiorly

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2
Q

What are adenoids and their location?

A

Superior-most of the tonsils. It is a mass of lymphatic tissue situated posterior to the nasal cavity, in the roof of the nasopharynx, where the nose blends into the throat

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3
Q

Which muscles act to open the jaw?

A

lateral pterygoid

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4
Q

Which nerve is responsible for pharyngeal constriction during swallowing?

A

vagus

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5
Q

What is the role of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Shape tongue

4 paired muscles

Motor N = hypoglossal N

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6
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus

Hypoglossus

Styloglossus – hypoglossal N

Palatoglossus – vagus N

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7
Q

Describe the sensory nervous supply to the tongue

A

Anterior 2/3 = sensation trigeminal, taste facial

Posterior 1/3 = sensation/taste glossopharyngeal

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8
Q

Describe the location of the salivary glands

A

Submandibular – beneath floor of mouth

Parotid – around mandibular ramus

Sublingual – lie under base of tongue

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9
Q

Outline the drainage of the salivary glands

A

Submandibular = via wharton duct

Parotid = via stensen duct

Sublingual = via ducts of rivinus

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10
Q

What is tonsillitis and its associated symptoms?

A

Inflam of tonsils

Fever

Sore throat

Pain/difficulty swallowing

Bad breath

Viral and bacterial causes

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11
Q

Describe a peritonsillar abscess (Quinsy)

A

Infection/inflam of surrounding tissue

Severe throat pain

Fever

Bad breath

Drooling

Difficulty opening mouth

Can follow on from tonsillitis

Can arise on its own

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12
Q

What are salivary gland stones?

A

Sialolithiasis = mineral salt clump

Most located in submandibular glands

Pre-existing dehydration = reduced salivary flow = stones = more prone to infection

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13
Q

Why would we test the gag reflex?

A

No sensory supply = no reflex

Prob with CN IX

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14
Q

How do we test uvula deviation?

A

Pt says ahh

No rise or uvula deviated = problem with vagus N

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15
Q

How do we test protrusion of the tongue?

A

Stick tongue out

Deviate/wasting = CN XII problem

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16
Q

What are the longitudinal muscles that make up the pharynx?

A

Stylopharyngeus = CN IX

Palatopharyngeus= CN X

Salpingopharngeus = CN X

17
Q

What are the circular muscles (pharyngeal constrictors) that make up the pharynx?

A

Superior pharyngeal constrictor = CN X

Middle pharyngeal constrictor = CN X

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor = CN X

18
Q

What is the nerve supply to the pharynx?

A

Pharyngeal plexus = Vagus, glossopharyngeal and cervical sympathetic nerves

Motor = CN X (except stylopharyngeus)

Sensory = Naospharynx (maxillary nerve CN V2), Oropharynx (glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX), Laryngopharynx (vagus nerve (CN X)

19
Q

Outline the function of the pharynx

A

Digestive = muscular walls function in the process of swallowing

Respiratory = allows for movement of air from nose/mouth to larynx

20
Q

What are the boundaries of the nasopharynx?

A

Base of skull to upper border of soft palate

Contains = pharyngeal tonsil

21
Q

What are the boundaries of the oropharynx?

A

Soft palate to epiglottis

Contains = palatine tonsils

22
Q

What are the boundaries of the laryngopharynx?

A

Oropharynx to oesophagus

Contains = piriform fossa

23
Q

Where do the tonsils lie?

A

Between the palatoglossal arch + palatopharyngeal arch

24
Q

Describe the pharyngeal pouch

A

Posteromedial (false) diverticulum

Pharyneal lining herniates through muscles of the pharyngeal wall

Cause = failure of UOS to relax, abnormal timing of swallowing, excessive pressure on the weakest portion

= Inferior constrictor muscle

25
Q

What are the phases of swallowing?

A

Oral preparatory

Pharyngeal

Oesophageal

26
Q

Outline the oral preparatory phase

A

Voluntary

Pushes bolus toward pharynx by tongue

27
Q

Outline the pharyngeal phase

A

Involuntary

Soft palate flaps backward to seal nasopharynx = stops bolus going into the nasal cavity

Pharyngeal constrictors push bolus downwards

Larynx elevates (suprahyoid muscles pull it up), closing epiglottis

Vocal cords adduct (protecting airway) and breathing temporarily ceases

Opening of the upper oesophageal sphincter

28
Q

Outline the oesophageal phase

A

Involuntary

Closure of the upper oesophageal sphincter

Peristaltic wave carries bolus downwards into oesophagus

29
Q

What are the causes of dysphagia?

A

Stroke

Progressive neurological disease = parkinsons, MS

COPD

Dementia

2.3.1. Head, Neck & Neuroanatomy (17 decks)

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