The Oral Cavity and Pharynx Flashcards
What is the location of the periform fossa?
length of recess lies between hyoid bone above and the cricoid cartilage below and continues inferiorly
What are adenoids and their location?
Superior-most of the tonsils. It is a mass of lymphatic tissue situated posterior to the nasal cavity, in the roof of the nasopharynx, where the nose blends into the throat
Which muscles act to open the jaw?
lateral pterygoid
Which nerve is responsible for pharyngeal constriction during swallowing?
vagus
What is the role of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Shape tongue
4 paired muscles
Motor N = hypoglossal N
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus
Hypoglossus
Styloglossus – hypoglossal N
Palatoglossus – vagus N
Describe the sensory nervous supply to the tongue
Anterior 2/3 = sensation trigeminal, taste facial
Posterior 1/3 = sensation/taste glossopharyngeal
Describe the location of the salivary glands
Submandibular – beneath floor of mouth
Parotid – around mandibular ramus
Sublingual – lie under base of tongue
Outline the drainage of the salivary glands
Submandibular = via wharton duct
Parotid = via stensen duct
Sublingual = via ducts of rivinus
What is tonsillitis and its associated symptoms?
Inflam of tonsils
Fever
Sore throat
Pain/difficulty swallowing
Bad breath
Viral and bacterial causes
Describe a peritonsillar abscess (Quinsy)
Infection/inflam of surrounding tissue
Severe throat pain
Fever
Bad breath
Drooling
Difficulty opening mouth
Can follow on from tonsillitis
Can arise on its own
What are salivary gland stones?
Sialolithiasis = mineral salt clump
Most located in submandibular glands
Pre-existing dehydration = reduced salivary flow = stones = more prone to infection
Why would we test the gag reflex?
No sensory supply = no reflex
Prob with CN IX
How do we test uvula deviation?
Pt says ahh
No rise or uvula deviated = problem with vagus N
How do we test protrusion of the tongue?
Stick tongue out
Deviate/wasting = CN XII problem
What are the longitudinal muscles that make up the pharynx?
Stylopharyngeus = CN IX
Palatopharyngeus= CN X
Salpingopharngeus = CN X
What are the circular muscles (pharyngeal constrictors) that make up the pharynx?
Superior pharyngeal constrictor = CN X
Middle pharyngeal constrictor = CN X
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor = CN X
What is the nerve supply to the pharynx?
Pharyngeal plexus = Vagus, glossopharyngeal and cervical sympathetic nerves
Motor = CN X (except stylopharyngeus)
Sensory = Naospharynx (maxillary nerve CN V2), Oropharynx (glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX), Laryngopharynx (vagus nerve (CN X)
Outline the function of the pharynx
Digestive = muscular walls function in the process of swallowing
Respiratory = allows for movement of air from nose/mouth to larynx
What are the boundaries of the nasopharynx?
Base of skull to upper border of soft palate
Contains = pharyngeal tonsil
What are the boundaries of the oropharynx?
Soft palate to epiglottis
Contains = palatine tonsils
What are the boundaries of the laryngopharynx?
Oropharynx to oesophagus
Contains = piriform fossa
Where do the tonsils lie?
Between the palatoglossal arch + palatopharyngeal arch
Describe the pharyngeal pouch
Posteromedial (false) diverticulum
Pharyneal lining herniates through muscles of the pharyngeal wall
Cause = failure of UOS to relax, abnormal timing of swallowing, excessive pressure on the weakest portion
= Inferior constrictor muscle
