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2.3.1. Head, Neck & Neuroanatomy > Major Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Major Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the borders of the carotid triangle?

A

Sup = post border of digestric

Lat = medial border SCM

Inf = sup border of omohyoid

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2
Q

Where is the external jugular V with regards to SCM?

A

Lies over SCM = more superficial

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3
Q

The common carotid and internal jugular V are hidden by what?

A

SCM

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4
Q

What arises from the brachiocephalic trunk?

A

Subclavian

Common carotid

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5
Q

When does the common carotid A bifurcate?

A
  • Within the carotid triangle ~C4
  • Level of superior border of the thyroid cartilage

Into = internal (no branches) and external (branches) carotid A

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6
Q

Outline the branches of the subclavian A

A

Vertebral A = supply brain

Thyrocervical trunk = supply shoulder/neck region, thyroid

Inferior thyroid A = inferior part of thyroid gland

Internal thoracic A = supply intercostal

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7
Q

What are the vertebral A?

A

Arise from subclavian A

Supply intracranial structures

Course via transverse foramen 1-6

Through foramen magnum, join to form basilar A – then join circle of willis

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8
Q

What is the circle of willis?

A

A circulatory anastomosis that supplies blood to the brain and surrounding structures

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9
Q

How is bifurcation related to carotid artery atheroma?

A

Common site for atheroma formation due to turbulence = narrowing of artery

Rupture of clot can cause embolus = TIA, stroke

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10
Q

What is the carotid body?

A

Peripheral chemoreceptors which detect arterial O2

Outside the A

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11
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

A

Swelling at bifurcation of caratid A

Location of baroreceptors for detecting changes in arterial BP

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12
Q

What does the carotid triangle contain?

A

Vagus N

Common carotid A

Internal jugular vein

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13
Q

Why is knowing the carotid triangle important?

A

Surgical approach to carotid arteries/IJV

Access vagus/hypoglossal Ns

Carotid pulse just below bifurcation

Carotid sinus massage = terminate SVT

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14
Q

Discuss the ophthalmic A

A

Branch of the internal carotid A

Supplies structures within and around the eyeball

Gives off = supratrochlear A, supra-orbital A

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15
Q

What is the mnemonic for branches of the external carotid A and their equivalents?

A

Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students

S = Superior thyroid = supplies superior thyroid

A = Ascending pharyngeal = pharynx

L = Lingual = tongue

F = Facial = structures in face

O = Occipital = structures around eye

P = Posterior auricular = Scalp posterior to auricle

M = Maxillary = (terminal)

S = Superficial temporal = scalp (terminal)

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16
Q

What is the blood supply to the scalp?

A

Internal carotid = supra-orbital, supratrochlear

External carotid = superficial temporal A, posterior auricular A, occipital A

17
Q

What A supplies the skull?

A

Middle meningeal

18
Q

What causes profuse bleeding from the scalp?

A

Opposing pull of occiptofrontalis on the epicranial aponeurosis

19
Q

What are the superficial A of the face?

A

Transverse facial A (EC)

Angular A (EC)

Lateral nasal A (EC)

Superior & inferior labial A (EC)

Facial A (EC)

Supra-orbital (IC)

Supratrochlear (IC)

20
Q

What is the kiesselbach area?

A

Nasal septum

4 A anastomose to form a vascular plexus

Common site for nose bleeds (epistaxis)

21
Q

Where does the middle meningeal A branch from?

A

Maxillay A – external carotid A

22
Q

What does the middle meningeal A branch into?

A

Anterior branch = lies over the pterion (thin area of the skull, risk of fracture)

Posterior branch

23
Q

How does the middle meningeal A pass through the skull?

A

Foramen spinosum

24
Q

In what layer does the middle meningeal A sit?

A

Between the skull and dura = supplies both

Rupture = extradural haemorrhage (lens shape)

25
Q

What is the pterygoid venous plexus?

A

Deep parts of the scalp in the temporal region run venous blood to the pterygoid

Deep facial V drain to pterygoid

26
Q

What are emissary veins?

A

Connect between venous drainage of scalp and dural venous sinuses

Valveless

Infection from scalp can travel to cranial cavity and meninges

27
Q

Facial veins can drain into what?

A

Cavernous sinus linked to pterygoid venous plexus

OR common facial V (IC)

28
Q

Why is inflam or infection in/around the cavernous sinus dangerous?

A

Contains internal carotid A

Cranial Ns

2 branches of trigeminal Ns

29
Q

What can IJV be used as an indication for?

A

Pressure of the R atrium

Pt at 45 degree angle, look at R side (direct connection with R atrium)

Measure the high of jugular venous pulsations from the sternal angle + 5cm

Pulsations observed through muscle

Cant palpate due to underlying SCM

30
Q

Where is the facial pulse felt?

A

Inferior border of mandible, anterior to masseter muscle

31
Q

Where is the carotid pulse felt?

A

Side of trachea

32
Q

What artery has no branches when in the neck?

A

Internal carotid A

33
Q

Explain how someone with atherosclerotic disease in the ICA could have transient loss of vision

A

Atheroma blocks the IC, which travels to the ophthalmic A, then the central retinal A

34
Q

The vertebral artery is a branch of what?

A

subclavian artery

35
Q

The maxillary artery is a branch of what?

A

external carotid artery

36
Q

The inferior thyroid artery is a branch of what?

A

external carotid artery

37
Q

The facial artery is a branch of what?

A

External carotid artery

38
Q

Where do the common carotid arteries bifurcate?

A

At the upper border of the thyroid cartilage

39
Q

The superficial temporal artery is a branch of what?

A

External carotid artery

2.3.1. Head, Neck & Neuroanatomy (17 decks)

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