Imaging of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of x-ray

A

Disadvantages = might miss something on overlapping bones, miss soft tissue damage

Advantages = quick, easy

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2
Q

What are the contraindications for MRI?

A

Metal, pacemaker, cochlear implants

Claustrophobia

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3
Q

Describe CT

A

Combination of x-rays to obtain images – measure on density

Denser = white

Air = black

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4
Q

In radiology what are the advantages of using diff planes?

A

Volume measurements over diff planes

Diff structures better viewed from diff angles

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5
Q

When should contrast not be given?

A

Breastfeeding

Renal failure

Allergic

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6
Q

Outline the use of CT angiogram

A

Need to be correct with timing

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7
Q

What is carotid doppler?

A

The use of doppler over the carotid artery

Assess = flow, volume, blockage

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8
Q

What is the ossicular chain?

A

Chain made from the TM to the oval window by the connection of the malleus, incus and stapes

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9
Q

What cranial nerves control hearing and balance?

A

Vestibular – balance

Cochlear – hearing

Vestibular cochlear N (VIII) splits to form these nerves

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10
Q

What different imaging modalities are available to visualise the head and neck?

A

MRI

CT

X-ray

Angiogram (contrast)

USS

Doppler

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11
Q

What are the pachymeninges?

A

Dura + dural aspect of arachnoid

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12
Q

What are the leptomeninges?

A

Pia + pia aspect of arachnoid

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13
Q

Where is a subdural haemorrhage located?

A

Between the arachnoid and dura

Venous bleeding

Banana

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14
Q

Where is an extra dural haemorrhage located?

A

Between inner table of bone and outer layer of dura

Arterial bleeding (typically meningeal artery)

Lemon

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