Imaging of the Head and Neck Flashcards
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of x-ray
Disadvantages = might miss something on overlapping bones, miss soft tissue damage
Advantages = quick, easy
What are the contraindications for MRI?
Metal, pacemaker, cochlear implants
Claustrophobia
Describe CT
Combination of x-rays to obtain images – measure on density
Denser = white
Air = black
In radiology what are the advantages of using diff planes?
Volume measurements over diff planes
Diff structures better viewed from diff angles
When should contrast not be given?
Breastfeeding
Renal failure
Allergic
Outline the use of CT angiogram
Need to be correct with timing
What is carotid doppler?
The use of doppler over the carotid artery
Assess = flow, volume, blockage
What is the ossicular chain?
Chain made from the TM to the oval window by the connection of the malleus, incus and stapes
What cranial nerves control hearing and balance?
Vestibular – balance
Cochlear – hearing
Vestibular cochlear N (VIII) splits to form these nerves
What different imaging modalities are available to visualise the head and neck?
MRI
CT
X-ray
Angiogram (contrast)
USS
Doppler
What are the pachymeninges?
Dura + dural aspect of arachnoid
What are the leptomeninges?
Pia + pia aspect of arachnoid
Where is a subdural haemorrhage located?
Between the arachnoid and dura
Venous bleeding
Banana
Where is an extra dural haemorrhage located?
Between inner table of bone and outer layer of dura
Arterial bleeding (typically meningeal artery)
Lemon
