The Occipital Lobes and Networks Flashcards

1
Q

the occipital lobe is _________ within the brain

A

posterior

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2
Q

what types of animals has the organization of the primate visual field been studied extensively in

A

old world monkeys

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3
Q

where do the visual areas extend into

A

the temporal and parietal lobes

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4
Q

what is the context of the primary visual cortex?

A

surrounds the calcarine sulcus and contains distinct layers and sublayers

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5
Q

what is true of the visual regions in the left and right hemispheres?

A

they are not exactly the same

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6
Q

V1 and V2 are both _________

A

heterogenous

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7
Q

thin stripes are involved in what

A

color perception

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8
Q

thick stripes are involved in what

A

form information

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9
Q

pale stripes are involved in what

A

motion perception

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10
Q

why is color perception important

A

enhances our ability to detect form and motion

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11
Q

where does visual processing start and project to?

A

starts in V1 and projects to all major visual areas

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12
Q

where is the secondary processing location in the visual system

A

V2

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13
Q

within V2 what is the dorsal stream responsible for

A

visual guidance of movemebt

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14
Q

within V2 what is the ventral stream responsible for

A

object and motion perception

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15
Q

within V2 what is the STS stream responsible for

A

object and motion perception

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16
Q

what is another name for the dorsal stream in the visual system

A

occipitopareital

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17
Q

where does the occipitopareital (dorsal) stream flow inthe brain

A

from area V1 to the posterior parietal areas

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18
Q

what is another name for the ventral stream in the visual system

A

occipitotemporal

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19
Q

where does the occipitotemporal (ventral) stream flow in the brain

A

from area V1 to the temporal lobe to take part in object recognition and functions of temporal visual areas

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20
Q

what makes up the STS stream

A

the convergence of info from dorsal and ventral streams

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21
Q

where does the STS stream flow

A

from area V1 into superior temporal sulcus

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22
Q

V1 and V2 are said to be what?

A

heterogenous general areas

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23
Q

what sort of info does V3 proess

A

dynamic form, the shapes of objects in motion

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24
Q

what does V4 process

A

mostly color info

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25
what does V5 do
involved in motion processing, also called MT
26
what does damage to higher visual areas result in
deficits specific to the functions of those areas
27
what kind of symptoms/experience do people with damage to V1 report
being blind
28
what is the role and importance of V1
necessary for individuals to process and interpret visual info, without it ppl seem unaware of visual input
29
why might the lateral ventral pathway be unique to humans
because it may be related to language and tool use
30
what do haak and beckmann propose
two separate ventral streams (lateral ventral and ventral ventral) in ADDITION to the dorsal streams
31
what are the 3 proposed visual streams (Haak and Beckmann)
-lateral ventral -ventral ventral -dorsal
32
what is the function and name of area EBA
extrastriate body area, body analysis
33
function and name of area FBA?
fusiform body area, body analysis
34
function and name of area STS?
superior temporal sulcus, analysis of biological movement
35
function and name of area STSp?
superior temporal sulcus (posterior), moving-body analysis
36
function and name of area PPA?
parahippocampal place area, analysis of landmarks
37
which areas are involved in the ventral stream?
LO, FFA, EBA, FBA, STS, STSp, PPA
38
which areas are found in the dorsal stream?
LIP, AIP, VIP, PRR, CIPS
39
function and name of area LIP
Lateral intraparietal sulcus, voluntary eye movement
40
function and name of area AIP
anterior intraparietal sulcus, object-directed grasping
41
function and name of area VIP
ventral intraparietal sulcus, visuomotor guidance
42
funciton and name of PRR
parietal reach region, visually guided reaching
43
function and name of CIPS
intrapareital sulcus, object directed action
44
when looking at a face, an observed focuses on what areas of the face
eyes and mouth, particularly in the left visual field
45
bias to the left visual field seems to be specific to what
viewing faces
46
when a subject performs a mental rotation task, the task is often accompanied by what
eye movements
47
what improves performance on tasks in the dark
closing eyes
48
what does egocentric space refer to
space in relation to observer
49
what does allocentric space refer to
space in relation of objects to each other
50
what influences what we attend to in the visual system
top down and bottom up
51
information for visually guided movement projects from...
v1 to parietal areas over dorsal stream
52
patients with damage to lateral occipital area could.....
shape hand to grasp object they could not consciously see
53
patients with damage to dorsal stream can.....
see objects but not accurately reach for them
54
what does dorsal stream provide
real time visual control of action
55
simple animals move toward or away from light without.....
perceiving light or dark
56
when are posterior parietal visual neurons active
only when the brain is acting on visual info, not just looking at it (THIS IS DORSAL STREAM)
57
what is the role of dorsal stream neurons in the visual system
to provide a connection between the visual world that is perceived and the intent to take action in that world
58
how are parietal-cortex lesions that impact visual areas characterized?
visuospatial or visuomotor
59
much of dorsal stream processing in visual system occurs where
below conscious awareness
60
areas V3 and V4 are found in which stream and lobe
ventral stream, temporally
61
areas V5 and V3A are found in which stream and lobe
dorsal stream, parietal
62
how do dorsal and ventral streams exchange information
through poly sensory neurons in STS
63
ventral stream main function
visually identify objects
64
dorsal stream main function
visual action to guide movements
65
main details in B.K. case study
V1 and scotoma
66
what is blindsight
knowing something about the visual stimulus even tho the patient says the cant see it. V1 may be damaged but higher visual areas remain intact
67
main details in DB case study
V1 damage and blindsight (removal of right calcarine fissure)
68
main details in BI case study
damage to occipital lobe bilaterally, is able to recognie faces/colors, using higher processing areas
69
main details in JI case study
damage and loss of color vision
70
main details in PB case study
can detect presence of light, otherwise blind but can still imagine colors
71
main details in LM case study
V5 (MT) damage and movement
72
main details in DF case study
occipital damage and visual agnosia
73
what is visual agnosia
inability to recognize objectsor pictures of objects
74
famous study done on DF
mailing card through slot
75
what do results of the DF study suggest
ventral stream is not intact, dorsal stream is (still able to match orientation of card to slot ONLY if she made a movement to do it)
76
what is optic ataxia
deficit in visually guided movements like reaching
77
what is prosopagnosia
cant recognize faces
78
what is alexia
difficulty reading
79
what is apperceptive agnosia
object agnosia in which patient fails to recignizse a basic feature of the object like color or motion
80
what is simultagnosia
patient can perceive object but only one at a time
81
what is associative agnosia
patient can perceive the object but cannot recognize it