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Psych 377 > Neuropsychological Assessment > Flashcards

Neuropsychological Assessment Flashcards

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1
Q

although closed-head injuries often have no physical sign, they impact ____

A

quality of life

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2
Q

neuropsychological testing can reveal the ___ and _____ of injuries

A

nature and extent

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3
Q

RL sustained what kind of head injury?

A

closed head

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4
Q

explain what happened when RL attempted the Wisconsin card sorting task?

A

could not switch rules, lacked response inhibition

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5
Q

the interaction of which factors influences how someone can adapt to their injury?

A

neurocognitive, psychological, socioenvironmental

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6
Q

what sorts of questions need to be asked of a patient before beginning neuropsychological assessment, and why?

A

questions about history of disease, addiction, family medical history, stressors and psychological issues, living arrangements, finances, relationships. Important for determining the sort of environment the patient is in and how that influences how they will adapt to their injury.

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7
Q

how did neuropsychological assessment originate?

A

grew out of psychology and neurology to assess veterans returning from WW2

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8
Q

how have the tests generated to assess different functions changed over the past 30 years?

A

there has been no change (study done in 2016)

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9
Q

in what decade did cognitive neuroscience emerge?

A

1980s

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10
Q

what is the role of cognitive neuroscience?

A

to provide a theoretical understanding of brain function that could be used as a basis for testing

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11
Q

IQ tests are _____

A

quantitative

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12
Q

test batteries tend to be ____

A

qualitative

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13
Q

composite tests are…

A

both qualitative and quantitative

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14
Q

standardized tests are…

A

quantitative

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15
Q

how do voxel by voxel comparisons work, and how are they made possible?

A

they show contrasts in tissue, are made possible by using multivariate statistical methods

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16
Q

The role of the clinical neuropsychologist is not just to diagnose the disorder, but

A

to be a participant in the rehab of a patient

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17
Q

in a neuropsychologist’s career, what percentage of patients are seen for rehab, and what percentage are seen as referrals from neurology and psychiatry?

A

30, 40

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18
Q

what is the purpose of assessment?

A

to determine general cognitive functioning

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19
Q

what is the name of the guidelines for the qualifications of neuropsychological assessment?

A

Houston Guideline for Neuropsychology

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20
Q

what is missing when using functional imaging in neuropsychological assessment?

A

does not provide thorough assessment, need cognitive batteries

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21
Q

What are the Houston Guidelines?

A

Assessment, Treatment and Interventions, Consultation, Research, Teaching and Supervision

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22
Q

what falls under the Assessment umbrella in the Houston Guidelines?

A

-info gathering
-history taking
-selection of tests and measures
-administration of tests and measures
-interpretation and diagnosing
-treatment planning
-report writing
-provision of feedback
-recognition of multicultural issues

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23
Q

what falls under the Treatment and Intervention umbrella in the Houston Guidelines?

A

-identification of intervention targets
-specification of intervention needs
-formulation of an intervention plan
-implementation of the plan
-monitoring and adjustment to the plan as needed
-assessment of the outcome
-recognition of multicultural issues

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24
Q

what falls under the Consultation umbrella in the Houston Guidelines?

A

-effective basic comm
-determination and clarification of referral issues
-education of referral sources regarding neuropsychological services (strengths/limitations)
-communication of evaluation results and recommendations
-education of patients/families regarding services and disorders

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25
Q

what falls under the Research umbrella in the Houston Guidelines?

A

-selection of appropriate research topics
-review of relevant literature
-design of research
-execution of research
-monitoring of progress
-evaluation of outcome
-communication of results

26
Q

what falls under the Teaching & Supervision umbrella in the Houston Guidelines>

A

-methods of effective teaching
plan and design of courses and curriculums
-use of effective educational technologies
-use of effective supervision methodologieds

27
Q

standardized tests assess what?

A

organicity

28
Q

what is organicity?

A

atypical behaviour that has a biological basis

29
Q

standardized tests are…

A

straightforward to administer and interpret

30
Q

what are the benefits of computerized batteries?

A

more straightforward and easier to administer, are standardized, easier to gather loads of information and compare across individuals

31
Q

individualized tests produce what kind of results?

A

qualitative, not quantitative

32
Q

what are examples of tests used to measure intellectual and conceptual functions?

A

-Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale IV
-Raven’s Standard progressive matrices
-shipley institute of living scale
-wisconsin card sorting test
-proverbs test

33
Q

what are the 7 goals of neuropsychological assessment?

A

1)determine individuals’ general level of functioning and localize any identified cerebral dysfunction
2) facilitate patient care and rehab by measuring changes in function over time
3) describe mild disturbances in cognitive function that other studies have not clearly identified
4) identify unusual brain organization that may exist in people who are L handed or experienced childhood brain injury
5) support abnormal EEG finding
6)demonstrate recovery of function following brain injury
7) help patient and family expect realistic outcomes

34
Q

what does intelligence testing provide a baseline for?

A

cognitive functioning

35
Q

the WISC-IV contains how many scales and supplemental subscales?

A

10 scales and 5 supplemental subscales

36
Q

what does the WISC-IV assess?

A

general ability, verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed

37
Q

what is the average and SD of the WISC-IV?

A

100, 15

38
Q

A difference of more than how many points between which subtests is often taken to be clinically significant?

A

10, verbal and perceptual subtests

39
Q

patients with diffuse damage tend to be impaired on which subscale?

A

perceptual

40
Q

patients with what type of damage tend to be impaired on the verbal subscale?

A

left-hemisphere damage

41
Q

adults with ADHD tend to show which types of significant decrements in comparison with their matched controls?

A

working memory and perceptual reasoning

42
Q

TBI patients show decreased _________ compared to their matched controls?

A

processing speeds

43
Q

why is it important to have an IQ test from before an injury?

A

to be able to interpret post-injury IQ results

44
Q

how many categories of common neurological assessments are there?

A

10

45
Q

what can neurological assessment tests be used for?

A

clinical assessment, or to track and understand child development

46
Q

what do the results of neurological assessments usually show in childhood and into adolescence?

A

-significant improvement on raw scores from ages 6 to 10
-rate of change plateaus in adolescence

47
Q

cognitive batteries have been developed for which two groups specifically and why?

A

athletes and military, more at risk for concussion/ TBI

48
Q

what are the 10 commonly assessed categories in neuropsych tests?

A

1) abstract reasoning and conceptualization
2) attention
3) daily activities
4) emotional or psychological distress
5) language
6) memory
7) motor
8) orientation
9) sensation and perception
10) visuospatial

49
Q

when are children often evaluated?

A

when academic performance falls behind peers or when there are behavioural issues

50
Q

what age range is tested using the WISC?

A

children 6-16 yrs

51
Q

what age range is testing using the WPPSI?

A

2 yrs 6 months to 7 yrs 7 months

52
Q

what can subscale scores help to identify in children?

A

ADHD and learning disabilities

53
Q

what are the 10 core features of neurological assessment?

A

1) Collaborative
2) assess early
3) developmental history
4) comorbidities
5) subjective complaints
6) maximize potentials
7) not for everyone
8) limitations
9) adequate intervals
10) transparency

54
Q

what is the ‘problem of effort’ in the context of neuropsychological testing?

A

clinicians need to evaluate whether a subject is performing the test to the best of their ability or if they are exaggerating their deficits

55
Q

what is clinical judgement not reliable in detecting?

A

malingering

56
Q

what is malingering?

A

exaggerating or feigning illness to escape duties

57
Q

what does symptom validity testing assess?

A

whether the subject is making a good faith effort on the test

58
Q

what is an example of how symptom validity testing might work?

A

asking the same question phrased in a multitude of different ways to see if individual is paying attention or answering at random

59
Q

estimates are that clinical neuropsychological assessment is how many years behind advances in neuroscience?

A

30 years

60
Q

true or false, development of computerized testing lags behind common use of the technology?

A

true, some developments have been made in computerized testing but is still not commonly used in assessment

Psych 377 (11 decks)

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