Neuropsychological Assessment

Question 1

although closed-head injuries often have no physical sign, they impact ____

Answer 1

quality of life

Question 2

neuropsychological testing can reveal the ___ and _____ of injuries

Answer 2

nature and extent

Question 3

RL sustained what kind of head injury?

Answer 3

closed head

Question 4

explain what happened when RL attempted the Wisconsin card sorting task?

Answer 4

could not switch rules, lacked response inhibition

Question 5

the interaction of which factors influences how someone can adapt to their injury?

Answer 5

neurocognitive, psychological, socioenvironmental

Question 6

what sorts of questions need to be asked of a patient before beginning neuropsychological assessment, and why?

Answer 6

questions about history of disease, addiction, family medical history, stressors and psychological issues, living arrangements, finances, relationships. Important for determining the sort of environment the patient is in and how that influences how they will adapt to their injury.

Question 7

how did neuropsychological assessment originate?

Answer 7

grew out of psychology and neurology to assess veterans returning from WW2

Question 8

how have the tests generated to assess different functions changed over the past 30 years?

Answer 8

there has been no change (study done in 2016)

Question 9

in what decade did cognitive neuroscience emerge?

Answer 9

1980s

Question 10

what is the role of cognitive neuroscience?

Answer 10

to provide a theoretical understanding of brain function that could be used as a basis for testing

Question 11

IQ tests are _____

Answer 11

quantitative

Question 12

test batteries tend to be ____

Answer 12

qualitative

Question 13

composite tests are…

Answer 13

both qualitative and quantitative

Question 14

standardized tests are…

Answer 14

quantitative

Question 15

how do voxel by voxel comparisons work, and how are they made possible?

Answer 15

they show contrasts in tissue, are made possible by using multivariate statistical methods

Question 16

The role of the clinical neuropsychologist is not just to diagnose the disorder, but

Answer 16

to be a participant in the rehab of a patient

Question 17

in a neuropsychologist’s career, what percentage of patients are seen for rehab, and what percentage are seen as referrals from neurology and psychiatry?

Answer 17

30, 40

Question 18

what is the purpose of assessment?

Answer 18

to determine general cognitive functioning

Question 19

what is the name of the guidelines for the qualifications of neuropsychological assessment?

Answer 19

Houston Guideline for Neuropsychology

Question 20

what is missing when using functional imaging in neuropsychological assessment?

Answer 20

does not provide thorough assessment, need cognitive batteries

Question 21

What are the Houston Guidelines?

Answer 21

Assessment, Treatment and Interventions, Consultation, Research, Teaching and Supervision

Question 22

what falls under the Assessment umbrella in the Houston Guidelines?

Answer 22

-info gathering
-history taking
-selection of tests and measures
-administration of tests and measures
-interpretation and diagnosing
-treatment planning
-report writing
-provision of feedback
-recognition of multicultural issues

Question 23

what falls under the Treatment and Intervention umbrella in the Houston Guidelines?

Answer 23

-identification of intervention targets
-specification of intervention needs
-formulation of an intervention plan
-implementation of the plan
-monitoring and adjustment to the plan as needed
-assessment of the outcome
-recognition of multicultural issues

Question 24

what falls under the Consultation umbrella in the Houston Guidelines?

Answer 24

-effective basic comm
-determination and clarification of referral issues
-education of referral sources regarding neuropsychological services (strengths/limitations)
-communication of evaluation results and recommendations
-education of patients/families regarding services and disorders

Question 25

what falls under the Research umbrella in the Houston Guidelines?

Answer 25

-selection of appropriate research topics -review of relevant literature -design of research -execution of research -monitoring of progress -evaluation of outcome -communication of results

Question 26

what falls under the Teaching & Supervision umbrella in the Houston Guidelines>

Answer 26

-methods of effective teaching plan and design of courses and curriculums -use of effective educational technologies -use of effective supervision methodologieds

Question 27

standardized tests assess what?

Answer 27

organicity

Question 28

what is organicity?

Answer 28

atypical behaviour that has a biological basis

Question 29

standardized tests are...

Answer 29

straightforward to administer and interpret

Question 30

what are the benefits of computerized batteries?

Answer 30

more straightforward and easier to administer, are standardized, easier to gather loads of information and compare across individuals

Question 31

individualized tests produce what kind of results?

Answer 31

qualitative, not quantitative

Question 32

what are examples of tests used to measure intellectual and conceptual functions?

Answer 32

-Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale IV -Raven's Standard progressive matrices -shipley institute of living scale -wisconsin card sorting test -proverbs test

Question 33

what are the 7 goals of neuropsychological assessment?

Answer 33

1)determine individuals' general level of functioning and localize any identified cerebral dysfunction 2) facilitate patient care and rehab by measuring changes in function over time 3) describe mild disturbances in cognitive function that other studies have not clearly identified 4) identify unusual brain organization that may exist in people who are L handed or experienced childhood brain injury 5) support abnormal EEG finding 6)demonstrate recovery of function following brain injury 7) help patient and family expect realistic outcomes

Question 34

what does intelligence testing provide a baseline for?

Answer 34

cognitive functioning

Question 35

the WISC-IV contains how many scales and supplemental subscales?

Answer 35

10 scales and 5 supplemental subscales

Question 36

what does the WISC-IV assess?

Answer 36

general ability, verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed

Question 37

what is the average and SD of the WISC-IV?

Answer 37

100, 15

Question 38

A difference of more than how many points between which subtests is often taken to be clinically significant?

Answer 38

10, verbal and perceptual subtests

Question 39

patients with diffuse damage tend to be impaired on which subscale?

Answer 39

perceptual

Question 40

patients with what type of damage tend to be impaired on the verbal subscale?

Answer 40

left-hemisphere damage

Question 41

adults with ADHD tend to show which types of significant decrements in comparison with their matched controls?

Answer 41

working memory and perceptual reasoning

Question 42

TBI patients show decreased _________ compared to their matched controls?

Answer 42

processing speeds

Question 43

why is it important to have an IQ test from before an injury?

Answer 43

to be able to interpret post-injury IQ results

Question 44

how many categories of common neurological assessments are there?

Answer 44

10

Question 45

what can neurological assessment tests be used for?

Answer 45

clinical assessment, or to track and understand child development

Question 46

what do the results of neurological assessments usually show in childhood and into adolescence?

Answer 46

-significant improvement on raw scores from ages 6 to 10 -rate of change plateaus in adolescence

Question 47

cognitive batteries have been developed for which two groups specifically and why?

Answer 47

athletes and military, more at risk for concussion/ TBI

Question 48

what are the 10 commonly assessed categories in neuropsych tests?

Answer 48

1) abstract reasoning and conceptualization 2) attention 3) daily activities 4) emotional or psychological distress 5) language 6) memory 7) motor 8) orientation 9) sensation and perception 10) visuospatial

Question 49

when are children often evaluated?

Answer 49

when academic performance falls behind peers or when there are behavioural issues

Question 50

what age range is tested using the WISC?

Answer 50

children 6-16 yrs

Question 51

what age range is testing using the WPPSI?

Answer 51

2 yrs 6 months to 7 yrs 7 months

Question 52

what can subscale scores help to identify in children?

Answer 52

ADHD and learning disabilities

Question 53

what are the 10 core features of neurological assessment?

Answer 53

1) Collaborative 2) assess early 3) developmental history 4) comorbidities 5) subjective complaints 6) maximize potentials 7) not for everyone 8) limitations 9) adequate intervals 10) transparency

Question 54

what is the 'problem of effort' in the context of neuropsychological testing?

Answer 54

clinicians need to evaluate whether a subject is performing the test to the best of their ability or if they are exaggerating their deficits

Question 55

what is clinical judgement not reliable in detecting?

Answer 55

malingering

Question 56

what is malingering?

Answer 56

exaggerating or feigning illness to escape duties

Question 57

what does symptom validity testing assess?

Answer 57

whether the subject is making a good faith effort on the test

Question 58

what is an example of how symptom validity testing might work?

Answer 58

asking the same question phrased in a multitude of different ways to see if individual is paying attention or answering at random

Question 59

estimates are that clinical neuropsychological assessment is how many years behind advances in neuroscience?

Answer 59

30 years

Question 60

true or false, development of computerized testing lags behind common use of the technology?

Answer 60

true, some developments have been made in computerized testing but is still not commonly used in assessment