The Nutritional Value of Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are the three pathways which glucose is the precursor for?
glycogen synthesis, glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway
What are the products of the pentose phosphate pathway?
ribose 5-phosphate and NADPH
What is the role of NADPH in metabolism?
drives fat and cholesterol synthesis
What does high blood glucose stimulate?
insulin release from the pancreas
What does insulin stimulate?
uptake of glucose into cells, storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscle, conversion of glucose into fat for storage
What does low blood glucose stimulate?
glucagon release from the pancreas
What does glucagon stimulate?
liver cells to break down glycogen and release glucose in to the blood
What enzyme converts glucose-6-P to glucose-1-P in glycogen synthesis?
mutase
What enzyme converts UDP-glucose to glycogen in glycogen synthesis?
glycogen synthase
What enzyme breaks down glycogen?
glycogen phosphorylase
What is Pompes disease?
a glycogen storage disease where lysosymes gorge due to a lack of alpha-1,4-glucosidase
What is the second messenger in glycogen breakdown?
cAMP
What two molecules stimulate glycogen breakdown?
adrenaline and glucagon
What makes up dietary sugars?
free sugars, short chain carbohydrates, starch, non starch polysaccharides
What does fibre help to treat?
haemorrhoids and diverticulosis
