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Metabolism > Mitochondrial Energy Pathways > Flashcards

Mitochondrial Energy Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

How many mitochondria are in a healthy cell?

A

varies from 200 to 10000

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2
Q

How many mitochondria are in a liver cell?

A

1000

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3
Q

How many mitochondria are in an aged cell?

A

as few as 10 - killed off by ROS caused by electrons leaked from the electron transport chain

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4
Q

Where did mitochondria come from in evolution?

A

an endosymbiotic relationship with bacteria

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5
Q

What biochemistry pathways are carried on in mitochondria?

A

acetyl CoA production, ketone body synthesis, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

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6
Q

What is the pathological sign of mitochondrial diseases?

A

ragged red fibres in a muscle biopsy

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7
Q

How are mitochondrial diseases inherited?

A

maternally

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8
Q

Are all mitochondrial diseases due to mutations in mitochondrial DNA?

A

no - can also be from nuclear DNA

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9
Q

What are the products of fatty acid metabolism?

A

ketone bodies - including beta hydroxybutyrate

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10
Q

How does pyruvate get into the mitochondrial matrix?

A

via a transporter - either a symporter with H+ or an antiport with hydroxyl

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11
Q

What are the products of the citric acid cycle?

A

3 NADH, 1 FADH2 and 1 ATP/GTP

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12
Q

What are the anabolic fates of the citric acid cycle?

A

fatty acids, sterols, purines, porphyrins, heme, amino acids

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13
Q

What is involved in the electron transport chain?

A

electron flow through 4 respiratory complexes on the mitochondrial membrane

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14
Q

What is the result of the electron transport chain?

A

10 H+ ions which drive ATP synthesis through ATP synthase

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15
Q

What are uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

they allow H+ ions to leak through the membrane without ATP production

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16
Q

Where does uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation occur and what is generated instead?

A

in brown fat - generates heat

17
Q

What enzyme is involved in complex II of the electron transport chain?

A

succinate dehydrogenase

18
Q

Which mitochondrial complex in the electron transport chain is not encoded by mitochondrial DNA?

A

complex II

19
Q

What is the malate aspartate shuffle?

A

a shuttle which transfers the reducing power of NADH from cytosol to mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation

20
Q

What is the glyercol-3-phosphate shuffle?

A

a shuttle which transfers the reducing power of NADH from cytosol to mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation in the muscle - but it costs energy

21
Q

What is the ATP yield of one glucose molecule?

A

32

22
Q

What are the precursors for Acetyl CoA production?

A

pyruvate, fatty acids, amino acids

23
Q

What is the precursors for ketone body synthesis?

A

Acetyl CoA

Metabolism (16 decks)

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