The Nervous System pt. 2

Question 1

If someone spills very hot coffee (200°F) on their skin, they will likely perceive much pain. Which of the following receptor types is causing this sensation?

Select one:

a. mechanoreceptors
b. thermoreceptors
c. nociceptors
d. chemoreceptors

Answer 1

c. nociceptors

Question 2

Receptors that respond to changes in room temperature are found in the skin. Which of the following pairs of classifications below best fit the receptor type that is being described above?

Select one:

a. mechanoreceptors that are also interoceptors
b. thermoreceptors that are also interoceptors
c. mechanoreceptors that are also exteroceptors
d. thermoreceptors that are also exteroceptors

Answer 2

d. thermoreceptors that are also exteroceptors

Question 3

We can touch our finger to our nose while our eyes are closed in part because we can sense the position and movement of our joints as well as the length of stretch in our muscles. These sensations create awareness of our body’s positioning. The following receptors are most likely responsible for this ability.

Select one:

a. nociceptors
b. exteroceptors
c. interoceptors
d. proprioceptors

Answer 3

d. proprioceptors

Question 4

A person has gone for an appointment to receive a deep-tissue therapeutic massage. Which of the following receptors would be stimulated by the massage?

Select one:

a. free nerve ending
b. lamellae corpuscle
c. tendon organ
d. bulbous corpuscle

Answer 4

b. lamellae corpuscle

Question 5

Which of the following is the best explanation of how a stimulus’s strength is transmitted to the central nervous system from sensory nerves?

Select one:

a. Action potential frequency is increased as stimulus strength increases.
b. An action potential will increase in strength as stimulus strength increases.
c. More than one type of receptor will respond to larger stimulus.
d. Action potentials as well as graded potentials are sent to the central nervous system when stimulus strength increases.

Answer 5

a. Action potential frequency is increased as stimulus strength increases.

Question 6

A patient has lost the ability to taste food. Which nerve may have been damaged?

Select one:

a. the optic nerves
b. the facial nerves
c. the abducens nerves
d. trigeminal nerves

Answer 6

b. the facial nerves

Question 7

As a cook chops red onions he begins to tear up due to activation of the lacrimal gland. Which of the following nerves provided the stimulus?

Select one:

a. the olfactory nerve (I)
b. the facial nerve (VII)
c. the vagus nerve (X)
d. the optic nerve (II)

Answer 7

b. the facial nerve (VII)

Question 8

Dermatome maps are useful to clinicians because ________.

Select one:

a. they can help pinpoint the location of spinal injury
b. they show doctors how to avoid striking spinal nerves during surgery
c. they show the routes of motor nerves
d. they outline the location of the numerous nerve plexus

Answer 8

a. they can help pinpoint the location of spinal injury

Question 9

A patient has an injury of the spine and is now suffering from a loss of motor function in his right arm. However, he still has normal sensory function in the arm. Based on this information it is likely that the patient has nervous tissue damage located at ________.

Select one:

a. spinal nerves of the cervical vertebra
b. the dorsal root located at one or more of the cervical vertebra
c. the ventral root located at one or more of the cervical vertebra
d. the dorsal rootlets located at one of the thoracic vertebra

Answer 9

c. the ventral root located at one or more of the cervical vertebra

Question 10

Bill is a mechanic that works with vibrating tools. He also exerts force on his wrists when twisting wrenches and screws. Bill has a tingling sensation in the lateral portion of his hand. The doctor suspects carpal tunnel syndrome. Which of the following tests might the doctor try on her patient?

Select one:

a. Have Bill flex and extend his arm against resistance.
b. Check for reflex on the medial condyle of the humerus with a rubber mallet.
c. Have Bill grip an object with his thumb and index finger and try to pull the object away.
d. Check for hyperextension at the knuckles of the little and ring finger.

Answer 10

c. Have Bill grip an object with his thumb and index finger and try to pull the object away.

Question 11

The posterior side of the thigh, leg, and foot is served by the ________ nerve.

Select one:

a. obturator
b. common fibular
c. tibial
d. femoral

Answer 11

c. tibial

Question 12

The cranial nerve that emerges from the pons and serves the motor and proprioceptive functions of the eyeball is the ________.

Select one:

a. hypoglossal
b. abducens
c. vagus
d. glossopharyngeal

Answer 12

b. abducens

Question 13

A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is the ________.

Select one:

a. femoral
b. iliohypogastric
c. sciatic
d. ilioinguinal

Answer 13

a. femoral

Question 14

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ________

Select one:

a. lumbar plexus
b. femoral plexus
c. sacral plexus
d. thoracic plexus

Answer 14

c. sacral plexus

Question 15

Inborn or intrinsic reflexes are ________.

Select one:

a. rapid, predictable, and can be learned responses
b. involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior
c. autonomic only
d. always mediated by the brain

Answer 15

b. involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior

Question 16

Striking the “funny bone” is actually stimulation of (or injury to) the ________.

Select one:

a. radial nerve
b. sciatic nerve
c. ulnar nerve
d. median nerve

Answer 16

c. ulnar nerve

Question 17

A reflex that causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to muscle tension is called a ________.

Select one:

a. tendon reflex
b. flexor reflex
c. crossed-extensor reflex
d. plantar reflex

Answer 17

a. tendon reflex

Question 18

Which receptors respond to stimuli within the body?

Select one:

a. exteroceptors
b. proprioceptors
c. interoceptors
d. photoreceptors

Answer 18

c. interoceptors

Question 19

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.

Select one:

a. afferent nerves
b. efferent nerves
c. motor nerves
d. mixed nerves

Answer 19

a. afferent nerves

Question 20

After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ________.

Select one:

a. Wallerian cells
b. Schwann cells
c. dendrites
d. Golgi organs

Answer 20

b. Schwann cells

Question 21

In a crossed-extensor reflex, if the right arm was grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________.

Select one:

a. also flex
b. extend
c. abduct
d. adduct

Answer 21

b. extend

Question 22

The sciatic nerve is a combination of which two nerves?

Select one:

a. pudendal and posterior femoral cutaneous
b. posterior femoral cutaneous and tibial
c. pudendal and common fibular
d. common fibular and tibial

Answer 22

d. common fibular and tibial

Question 23

Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?

Select one:

a. median
b. axillary
c. radial
d. ulnar

Answer 23

a. median

Question 24

Bell’s palsy is ________.

Select one:

a. characterized by partial paralysis of diaphragm muscles
b. characterized by loss of vision
c. often caused by inflammation of the trigeminal nerve
d. characterized by paralysis of facial muscles

Answer 24

d. characterized by paralysis of facial muscles

Question 25

A fall or an improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in ________.

Select one:

a. neurofibromatosis
b. postpoliomyelitis muscular atrophy
c. phantom limb pain
d. sciatica

Answer 25

d. sciatica

Question 26

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________.

Select one:

a. parasympathetic innervation
b. sympathetic stimulation
c. vagus (X) nerve activity
d. somatic stimulation

Answer 26

b. sympathetic stimulation

Question 27

Preparing the body for the “fight-or-flight” response is the role of the ________.

Select one:

a. sympathetic division
b. cerebrum
c. parasympathetic division
d. somatic nervous system

Answer 27

a. sympathetic division

Question 28

The parasympathetic ganglion that serves the lacrimal gland and nasal mucosa is the ________.

Select one:

a. ciliary ganglion
b. pterygopalatine ganglion
c. submandibular ganglion
d. otic ganglion

Answer 28

b. pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 29

Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic division?

Select one:

a. dilates bronchioles
b. produces “goosebumps”
c. increases heart rate and force of contraction
d. contracts smooth muscle of the bladder wall and relaxes urethral sphincter

Answer 29

d. contracts smooth muscle of the bladder wall and relaxes urethral sphincter

Question 30

Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve ________.

Select one:

a. V (trigeminal)
b. VII (facial)
c. X (vagus)
d. XII (hypoglossal)

Answer 30

c. X (vagus)

Question 31

The “fight or flight” division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________.

Select one:

a. parasympathetic division
b. sympathetic division
c. somatic division
d. peripheral division

Answer 31

b. sympathetic division

Question 32

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.

Select one:

a. medulla
b. cerebellum
c. hypothalamus
d. thalamus

Answer 32

c. hypothalamus

Question 33

Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.

Select one:

a. inactivation of ACh is fairly slow
b. NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
c. preganglionic fibers are short
d. preganglionic fibers are long

Answer 33

b. NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response

Question 34

Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra?

Select one:

a. second cervical
b. third lumbar
c. first coccyx
d. first thoracic

Answer 34

d. first thoracic

Question 35

Autonomic ganglia contain ________.

Select one:

a. an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons
b. synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors
c. the cell bodies of motor neurons
d. both somatic afferent and efferent neurons

Answer 35

c. the cell bodies of motor neurons

Question 36

Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that ________.

Select one:

a. visceral arcs contain two sensory neurons
b. somatic arcs contain one additional component that visceral arcs do not possess
c. visceral arcs involve two motor neurons
d. visceral arcs do not use integration centers

Answer 36

c. visceral arcs involve two motor neurons

Question 37

The parasympathetic tone ________.

Select one:

a. prevents unnecessary heart deceleration
b. accelerates activity of the digestive tract
c. determines normal activity of the urinary tract
d. causes blood pressure to rise

Answer 37

c. determines normal activity of the urinary tract

Question 38

Which of the following appears to exert the most direct influence over autonomic functions?

Select one:

a. hypothalamus
b. midbrain
c. reticular formation
d. medulla oblongata

Answer 38

a. hypothalamus

Question 39

Drugs called beta-blockers ________.

Select one:

a. increase a dangerously low heart rate
b. decrease heart rate and blood pressure
c. have widespread sympathetic effects
d. are potent antidepressants

Answer 39

b. decrease heart rate and blood pressure

Question 40

Which is an exclusively sympathetic function?

Select one:

a. regulation of pupil size
b. regulation of cardiac rate
c. regulation of respiratory rate
d. regulation of body temperature

Answer 40

d. regulation of body temperature

Question 41

Raynaud’s disease ________.

Select one:

a. is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities
b. is induced by heat stress
c. occurs primarily in association with injury to the spinal cord
d. is frequently life threatening

Answer 41

a. is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities

Question 42

Which sympathetic fibers form a splanchnic nerve?

Select one:

a. those that synapse with parasympathetic fibers
b. those that synapse in the same trunk ganglion they entered
c. those that synapse with somatic fibers
d. those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia

Answer 42

d. those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia

Question 43

Sympathetic division stimulation causes ________.

Select one:

a. decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure
b. increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure
c. increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure
d. decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure

Answer 43

c. increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure

Question 44

The smooth muscle of the digestive viscera is served largely by the ________.

Select one:

a. lumbar splanchnic nerves
b. cephalic plexus
c. pelvic nerves
d. vagus (X) nerves

Answer 44

d. vagus (X) nerves

Question 45

Parasympathetic functions include ________.

Select one:

a. a stimulation of heart rate and force of contraction
b. allowing the body to cope with an external threat
c. lens accommodation for close vision
d. raising blood glucose levels

Answer 45

c. lens accommodation for close vision

Question 46

Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the ________.

Select one:

a. lateral horn of the spinal cord
b. hypothalamus
c. lateral geniculate of the thalamus
d. inferior colliculus

Answer 46

b. hypothalamus

Question 47

The mushroom poison muscarine can bind to receptors on ________.

Select one:

a. all effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers
b. the hormone producing cells of the adrenal medulla
c. cell bodies and dendrites of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
d. cell bodies and dendrites of sympathetic postganglionic neurons

Answer 47

a. all effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers

Question 48

Which of the following drug classes would be useful for smoking cessation products?

Select one:

a. nicotinic agents
b. parasympathomimetic agents (muscarinic agents)
c. acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
d. sympathomimetic agents

Answer 48

a. nicotinic agents

Question 49

Which type of drug would be useful in dilating the pupils for an examination of the retina?

Select one:

a. beta-3 receptor mimic
b. muscarinic receptor inhibitor
c. alpha-1 receptor inhibitor
d. beta-1 receptor mimic

Answer 49

b. muscarinic receptor inhibitor

Question 50

Which target organ receives dual innervation?

Select one:

a. kidney
b. sweat glands
c. small intestine
d. coronary blood vessels

Answer 50

c. small intestine