The Muscular System

Question 1

Which type of lever is exemplified by the flexing of the forearm by the biceps brachii muscle?

Select one:

a. a first-class lever
b. a second-class lever
c. a third-class lever
d. a fourth-class lever

Answer 1

c. a third-class lever

Question 2

What muscle is primarily responsible for preventing foot drop?

Select one:

a. extensor digitorum longus
b. tibialis anterior
c. extensor hallucis longus
d. fibularis tertius

Answer 2

b. tibialis anterior

Question 3

What is the major factor controlling how levers work?

Select one:

a. the structural characteristics of the muscles of the person using the lever
b. the weight of the load
c. the direction the load is being moved
d. the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum

Answer 3

d. the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum

Question 4

What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle?

Select one:

a. the length
b. the shape
c. the number of neurons innervating it
d. the total number of muscle fibers (cells) available for contraction

Answer 4

d. the total number of muscle fibers (cells) available for contraction

Question 5

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called?

Select one:

a. a synergist
b. an agonist (prime mover)
c. an antagonist
d. a fixator

Answer 5

b. an agonist (prime mover)

Question 6

When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle’s name, what does it tell you about the muscle?

Select one:

a. The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.
b. The muscle is able to change direction twice, three times, or four times faster than other muscles, respectively.
c. The muscle has two, three, or four functions, respectively.
d. The muscle has two, three, or four insertions, respectively.

Answer 6

a. The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.

Question 7

The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________.

Select one:

a. quadriceps femoris
b. rectus abdominis
c. gastrocnemius
d. gluteus maximus

Answer 7

a. quadriceps femoris

Question 8

Which of the following describes a bipennate pattern of fascicles?

Select one:

a. An arrangement that looks like many feathers side by side.
b. An arrangement in which the fascicles insert into only one side of a tendon.
c. An arrangement of five fascicles on each side of the tendon.
d. An arrangement in which the fascicles insert into the tendon from opposite sides.

Answer 8

d. An arrangement in which the fascicles insert into the tendon from opposite sides.

Question 9

Which of the following describes the suprahyoid muscles?

Select one:

a. They depress the larynx and hyoid bone if the mandible is fixed.
b. They are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity.
c. They move the pharynx superiorly during swallowing.
d. They are often called strap muscles.

Answer 9

b. They are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity.

Question 10

The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine. What is its action?

Select one:

a. to help hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity and rotate the humerus laterally
b. to initiate abduction of the arm, to stabilize the shoulder joint and to help prevent downward dislocation of the humerus
c. to extend and medially rotate the humerus and to act as a synergist of the latissimus dorsi
d. to flex and adduct the humerus and to act as a synergist of the pectoralis major

Answer 10

b. to initiate abduction of the arm, to stabilize the shoulder joint and to help prevent downward dislocation of the humerus

Question 11

Which of the following muscles is not a rotator cuff muscle?

Select one:

a. supraspinatus
b. levator scapulae
c. teres minor
d. subscapularis

Answer 11

b. levator scapulae

Question 12

Which of the following muscles is involved in producing horizontal wrinkles in the forehead?

Select one:

a. the medial pterygoid
b. the zygomaticus major
c. the frontal belly of the epicranius
d. the temporalis

Answer 12

c. the frontal belly of the epicranius

Question 13

At the grocery store a cute, little curly-haired child is standing behind you in line. You turn around for a moment and she sticks her tongue out at you. Which tongue muscle did she use?

Select one:

a. orbicularis oris
b. stylohyoid
c. hyoglossus
d. genioglossus

Answer 13

d. genioglossus

Question 14

Which of these is the function of the external oblique muscles?

Select one:

a. flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall
b. pull ribs toward one another to elevate the rib cage
c. extend vertebral column and head and rotates them to opposite sides
d. elevate and adduct scapula in synergy with superior fibers of trapezius

Answer 14

a. flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall

Question 15

Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other to produce the cross-legged position?

Select one:

a. the gastrocnemius
b. the sartorius
c. all of the hamstrings
d. the quadriceps femoris

Answer 15

b. the sartorius

Question 16

Which of the following muscles inserts to the posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon?

Select one:

a. the semitendinosus
b. the sartorius
c. the tibialis anterior
d. the gastrocnemius

Answer 16

d. the gastrocnemius

Question 17

If a lever operates at a mechanical advantage, it means that the ________.

Select one:

a. load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum
b. lever system is useless
c. effort is farther than the load from the fulcrum
d. load is near the fulcrum and the effort is applied far from the fulcrum

Answer 17

d. load is near the fulcrum and the effort is applied far from the fulcrum

Question 18

Which of the following muscles fixes and stabilizes the pelvis during walking?

Select one:

a. internal oblique
b. external oblique
c. transversus abdominis
d. rectus abdominis

Answer 18

d. rectus abdominis

Question 19

A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) ________.

Select one:

a. antagonist
b. fixator
c. synergist
d. agonist (prime mover)

Answer 19

a. antagonist

Question 20

What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts?

Select one:

a. an antagonist
b. a prime mover
c. a synergist
d. an agonist

Answer 20

c. a synergist

Question 21

Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings?

Select one:

a. gracilis
b. semitendinosus
c. semimembranosus
d. biceps femoris

Answer 21

a. gracilis

Question 22

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that inserts to the muscle which adults also use for whistling (orbicularis oris). What is this muscle called?

Select one:

a. platysma
b. masseter
c. zygomaticus
d. buccinators

Answer 22

d. buccinators

Question 23

The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the ________.

Select one:

a. sternum
b. clavicle
c. platysma
d. mastoid process of the temporal bone

Answer 23

d. mastoid process of the temporal bone

Question 24

In general, a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces ________.

Select one:

a. extension
b. abduction
c. flexion
d. adduction

Answer 24

c. flexion

Question 25

Which of these is not a way of classifying muscles?

Select one:

a. muscle location
b. the type of muscle fibers
c. the type of action they cause
d. muscle shape

Answer 25

b. the type of muscle fibers

Question 26

Which of the following muscles is used to form a smile?

Select one:

a. corrugator supercilli
b. orbicularis oris
c. zygomaticus major
d. mentalis

Answer 26

c. zygomaticus major

Question 27

Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris?

Select one:

a. It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips.
b. It pulls the lower lip down and back.
c. It draws the eyebrows together.
d. It closes the eye.

Answer 27

a. It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips.

Question 28

Which muscle group is involved when a “pulled groin” occurs?

Select one:

a. quadriceps
b. thigh adductors
c. lateral rotators
d. hamstrings

Answer 28

b. thigh adductors

Question 29

What are the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called?

Select one:

a. speed levers
b. power levers
c. functional levers
d. dysfunctional levers

Answer 29

b. power levers

Question 30

Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions?

Select one:

a. the triceps brachii
b. the anconeus
c. the brachioradialis
d. the flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 30

c. the brachioradialis

Question 31

Which muscle(s) is (are) contracted to exhale forcibly?

Select one:

a. diaphragm alone
b. internal intercostals and rectus abdominus
c. external intercostals and diaphragm
d. rectus abdominis and diaphragm

Answer 31

b. internal intercostals and rectus abdominus

Question 32

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh?

Select one:

a. biceps femoris
b. vastus medialis
c. soleus
d. iliopsoas and rectus femoris

Answer 32

d. iliopsoas and rectus femoris

Question 33

First-class levers ________.

Select one:

a. have load at one end of the lever, fulcrum at the other, and effort applied somewhere in the middle
b. are typified by tweezers or forceps
c. in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location
d. are used when standing on tip-toe

Answer 33

c. in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location

Question 34

What do the genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus muscles have in common?

Select one:

a. All names reflect direction of muscle fibers.
b. Each acts synergistically to elevate the jaw.
c. All act on the tongue.
d. All names indicate the relative size of the muscle.

Answer 34

c. All act on the tongue.

Question 35

If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF?

Select one:

a. first-class lever
b. second-class lever
c. third-class lever
d. fourth-class lever

Answer 35

c. third-class lever

Question 36

Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh at the hip?

Select one:

a. tibialis posterior
b. vastus lateralis
c. adductor magnus
d. gluteus maximus

Answer 36

c. adductor magnus

Question 37

Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint?

Select one:

a. tibialis anterior
b. extensor digitorum longus
c. fibularis (peroneus) tertius
d. fibularis (peroneus) longus

Answer 37

a. tibialis anterior

Question 38

Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants as the buttocks and arm muscles are poorly developed?

Select one:

a. the vastus intermedius
b. the vastus medialis
c. rectus femoris
d. the vastus lateralis

Answer 38

d. the vastus lateralis

Question 39

Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee?

Select one:

a. hamstring muscles
b. gluteal muscles
c. brachioradialis
d. soleus

Answer 39

a. hamstring muscles

Question 40

Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion?

Select one:

a. popliteus
b. tibialis posterior
c. flexor digitorum longus
d. gastrocnemius and soleus

Answer 40

a. popliteus

Question 41

________ is a powerful forearm extensor at the elbow joint.

Select one:

a. Brachialis
b. Triceps brachii
c. Brachioradialis
d. Biceps brachii

Answer 41

b. Triceps brachii

Question 42

The ________ is known as the “boxer’s muscle.”

Select one:

a. biceps brachii
b. flexor digitorum longus
c. serratus anterior
d. rectus abdominis

Answer 42

c. serratus anterior

Question 43

The ________ runs deep to the internal oblique.

Select one:

a. rectus abdominis
b. external oblique
c. latissimus dorsi
d. transversus abdominis

Answer 43

d. transversus abdominis

Question 44

The ________ helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing.

Select one:

a. orbicularis oris
b. mentalis
c. risorius
d. buccinator

Answer 44

d. buccinator

Question 45

The ________ tightens the neck and draws the corners of the mouth downward as in expressing horror.

Select one:

a. sternohyoid
b. mentalis
c. platysma
d. sternocleidomastoid

Answer 45

c. platysma

Question 46

The ________ is the main chewing muscle.

Select one:

a. hyoglossus
b. masseter
c. lateral pterygoid
d. buccinators

Answer 46

b. masseter

Question 47

The abnormal protrusion of the small intestine through a weak point in the muscle of the abdominal wall is called a ________.

Select one:

a. hernia
b. sprain
c. pulled muscle
d. hyperextension

Answer 47

a. hernia

Question 48

The quadriceps femoris is composed of three “vastus” muscles and the ________.

Select one:

a. biceps femoris
b. rectus femoris
c. semitendinosus
d. semimembranosus

Answer 48

b. rectus femoris

Question 49

The ________ is a synergist of the latissimus dorsi; it extends, medially rotates, and adducts the humerus.

Select one:

a. teres minor
b. infraspinatus
c. teres major
d. supraspinatus

Answer 49

c. teres major

Question 50

The ________ extends the great toe.

Select one:

a. tibialis anterior
b. fibularis (peroneous) tertius
c. gastrocneumius
d. extensor hallucis longus

Answer 50

d. extensor hallucis longus